What About Gloria Steinem free essay sample

II Early Life a. Her father, Leo Steinem, was a traveling antique dealer and her mother, Ruth Steinem, was a reporter for a newspaper called the â€Å"Toledo Blade†, their hometown newspaper. b. Some of her influences were her parents, a few feminists, and her trip to India. c. Her and her sister Susanne moved around a lot and couldn’t go to regular school, so their mother gave them daily lessons. d. She sold her ideas and articles to many magazines and was slowly getting a reputation as a free-lance reporter. e. She was hired by Show magazine to work as a playboy bunny undercover at Hugh Hefner’s Playboy Club. III Qualities and Description of Person a. She is an independent , hardworking, dedicated person, who didn’t get married till the age 63 because she didn’t want to give her independence to a man b. Because of her independence she became one of the leading voices for women’s rights because she wanted equal pay in the work place. We will write a custom essay sample on What About Gloria Steinem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page c. It was her expose on the playboy bunny club, which was later turned into a movie called â€Å"A Bunny’s Tale†, which added to her fame. IV Contribution to Society a. She is a famous woman’s rights activist because she wanted the same equal rights as men. b. She thought that a way to make society better for women was, as I said before, she wanted the same equal rights as men. c. She helped shaped women’s rights by not stopping till we had the same rights as men. V Conclusion a. I learned because of her, we now have equal pay in the work place and when we get married we don’t have to give our land to our husband, like we had to when Gloria was a kid. b. I want everybody to remember that because of people like her this world, we live in wouldn’t be like it is if she wasn’t born. Report Gloria Marie Steinem was born on March 25, 1934 in Toledo, Ohio. She was a feminist leader, writer, American journalist, and the very first editor of Ms. Magazine. She is currently 76 and is still traveling, writing, and lecturing as much as and like she did 34 years ago. In 1977 she was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Scholarship to study feminism. She also received a Penney-Missouri Journalism award, the Front page and Clarion awards and many more. Gloria’s father, Leo Steinem, was a traveling antique dealer and her mother, Ruth Steinem, was a reporter for a newspaper called the Toledo Blade, their hometown paper. Years later, Ruth suffered from mental illness because she felt lonely when her husband traveled and from the disappointment of having to give up her job. It was too much for Leo, he got divorced and moved to California but still sent a meager pay to Gloria and her mom. Gloria made all the meals, went grocery shopping, and kept the house in shape with little or no help from her mom. A few influences of hers are her parents, other feminist, and her trip to India. Since her and her family moved and lived in a dome-topped trailer and couldn’t go to regular school, she and her sister, Susanne, were given daily lessons by their mother. She sold her ideas and articles to many magazines and was slowly getting a reputation as a free lance reporter. She was hired by Show magazine to work as a playboy bunny undercover at Hugh Hefner’s Playboy Club. She is an independent, hardworking, dedicating person, who didn’t get married till the age 63 because she didn’t want to give her independence to a man. Because of her independence she became one of the leading voices in woman’s rights. It was her expose on the playboy bunny club, which was later turned into a movie called the â€Å"Bunny’s Tale†, which added to her fame. She is a famous women’s rights activist for two reasons: She wanted equal pay and she didn’t want to have to give her property to her husband, basically the same equal rights as men. She thought a way to make society better for women, like I said before, was having the same equal rights as men. She helped society by not stopping or giving up till we had the same rights as men.

The U.S. should not determine world policy (Argumentative) essays

The U.S. should not determine world policy (Argumentative) essays THE U.S. SHOULD NOT DETERMINE WORLD POLICY The United States of America...50 states, 9 629 091 square kilometres of land, population: 280 562 489...But is that really a reason to oppress the rest of the world? Over the years, the U.S. has proven to unfairly dominate and exploit other countries. This has got to stop. How? When? Maybe never. They pretend to care about less-developed countries, pronounce a lot of meaningless speeches with serious looks on their faces, but exploit these countries in a cruel and immoral way. Most people dont realise that, because the U.S.A. are controlling our minds with the hypocritical media, which tells us what George Bush and his predecessors think you should know, hiding their dirty secrets behind misleading news and money-making schemes. The capitalistic octopuses of the U.S.A. are using their power in a negative and irresponsible fashion. They say that their goal is war against terrorism and violence, but all they really do is bring more blood and scandals to our already abused world. The scariest part is that they dont really know who or what are they bombing and for what reason. For all they know, theyre fighting against violence. But have they ever stopped to think that maybe theyre the terrorists? Of course not! Americans dont think. They kill. While the spoken universal #1 enemy is now Iraq, in many ways, it is actually the United States of America. It is inhumane to talk about how we should help less developed countries, while immorally exploiting them at the same time. All the big, successful American companies abuse of millions of workers from Africa and India, working in factories in terrible conditions and paid just enough, or not, to survive. The American governement uses the sweat and blood of the proletariat to oil their capitalistic robbing machinery.Everyone knows that, but self-absorbed we are, we pretend to care but do nothi ...

Political Ideologies in Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Ideologies in Conflict - Essay Example Socialism’s key theme is based on the community’s power, instead of individual effort (Alesina & Rodrik 465). On the other hand, equality denotes the creation of a society that is fairer and everyone is a participant and is accorded an opportunity to realize their potential. Equality aims at getting rid of discrimination and prejudice so as to offer fair, diverse and personal services to the society (Alesina & Rodrik 471). It aims at eliminating discrimination based on gender, age, religion, race and ethnicity. Ideology entails a set of ideas reflecting a nation’s, people’s or society’s beliefs. This paper will discuss the role of equality in socialist ideology. Socialism and equality are inseparable. Early socialism (also known as Utopian socialism) criticized the capitalist society, condemning it and pushing for its destruction (Nozick 16). It struggled to make the rich realize the immorality caused by exploitation. The desire for a new system and order contained the emergent factors of socialist ideas and represented the reaction of the working masses’ wishes of emancipation and, concurrently, their political and ideological powerlessness. Over many years, socialist ideologists tried to authenticate the ideal of a fair society with no exploitation and class oppression (Giacomo & Gruner 90). They advocated for equality. In socialism, equality is addressed in four forms; economic, foundational, formal and equality of opportunity (Blanchflower & Freeman 439). Foundational equality addresses the fact that God created all people as equal human beings. This is further explained to clarify that not all have the same abilities and talents , rather, because of the common humanity, their moral worth is equal (Alesina & Rodrik 479). Formal equality addresses the aspect of citizens and the law. It provides that State institutions are obliged to accord its citizens equal treatment, and that the institutions should themselves remain subject to the law as a way of defence against possible dictatorship of the State. Equality of opportunity fights discrimination in education, employment, housing or social services because of race, colour or sex (Giacomo & Gruner 84). Finally, economic equality intends to eliminate disproportions in the distribution of wealth, income disparities, and the gap between the poor and the rich (Blanchflower & Freeman 440). Socialists view social inequality as a disproportion of economic advantages within a society (Giacomo & Gruner 86). They believe humans must be accorded equal opportunity to prosper in the society. However, humans are not treated equally in all senses. To this end, socialists decl are inequality an evil that should be eliminated. In particular, wealth inequality is so evil among socialists that it justifies the forceful repossession from those who have it in abundance for fairer redistribution to the poor (Blanchflower & Freeman 446). Socialism is outstanding for its sustenance for social equality. Parliamentary socialists approved equality of opportunity as a substitute to equality of outcome because it signifies an unassuming level of outcome through the redeployment of wealth (Alesina & Rodrik 481). They base their support for equality on several factors. They argue that it is a more significant variety of equality than equal opportunities or formal

How the globalization of industry has led to the deterioration of the Essay

How the globalization of industry has led to the deterioration of the position of women in Third World countries - Essay Example The fact that these percentages are indicative of the importance of women for the increase of performance of firms in Third World countries does not seem to have been taken into consideration by legislators in these countries – the same assumption can be made regarding the behaviour of the members of International Organizations that have the obligation to examine the respect of rights of women and children globally. In accordance with the study of Nanda (2000, 25) ‘literate but unskilled—and largely female—labor has thus far fuelled the tremendous increase in manufactured exports of garments and micro electronic products from the Third World to the industrially-advanced economies of the North’. In the above study, it is made clear that women have a critical role in the development of industrial activities in most countries around the world – not only in these belonging in the so-called Third World. From another point of view, this study could lead to the assumption that in the future women in those countries would need to be appropriately trained in order to meet the demands of market globally (development of technology used in all industrial sites, improvement of communication among employees and managers, increase of daily performance and so on). The above projects – if attempted - could meet a series of obstacles; more specifically, as it is noticed al so by Nanda (2000) – women in firms in Third World countries are likely to be non-skilled - at an extremely high percentage.

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men Research Paper

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men - Research Paper Example Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men The problem of prejudice and the difficulty faced by the jurors in decision making process is still an unresolved problem in the global context. In the beginning, most of the jurors were against the culprit. In the end, all the jurors came to know that their decision is based upon their personal opinions on the immigrant population. My personal opinion/reflection on the film 12 Angry Men is divided into three sections: prejudice, racial supremacy, and misuse of law. Prejudice I am of the opinion that the director made use of the protagonist (the immigrant boy, probably from Puerto Rican Island) to unmask the depth of prejudice against immigrants in America. I believe that prejudice based upon racial and cultural identity is an important problem faced by a member who belongs to an immigrant community. If we are not from an immigrant community, there exists less possibility to have deeper understanding on this problem. Within this context, the director makes use of the protagonist as a medium to express his opinion on the problem faced by immigrants. In the beginning of the film, the jury, which consists of 12 members, does not show any particular interest in the emotional trauma faced by the boy. Biskind (2001) made clear that, â€Å"In the view of the strong case against the defendant, it is not too surprising that the jury’s first straw vote comes out 11 to 1 for conviction† (p.11). ... So, in my opinion, the film portrays how prejudice affects the smooth functioning of law and order in a modern society. Racial superiority I think racial superiority is a myth based upon false opinion, not upon fact. The elite class in the society considers that their status in the society is indebted to their racial identity. But one cannot prove that racial identity determines one’s superiority over others. So, I am totally against racial superiority. One of the factors which attracted me towards this film is the director’s attempt to expose that racial superiority is a myth. In the film, the boy is the victim of racial superiority/racial supremacy. For instance, most of the members of the jury are white middle class men. Still, all the members are from different layers of the society. Most of them do not try to allow the boy to prove his innocence. On the other side, juror 8, an architect by profession, is not ready to act against the boy. Later, some of the jurors l ike Juror 5 and Juror 11 decide to change their opinion. Still, Juror 3’s wavering nature hinders the jury members to have a unanimous decision. In the film, most of the jury members are not aware of their role in decision making process because they act according to the false beliefs in the society. One can see that most of the jury members are middle aged and their personal opinions on the immigrants deeply influence their decisions. So, the film helped me to know more about the problem of prejudice based upon racial superiority. Misuse of law I consider this film as an eye-opener to those who believe that death penalty can reduce crime in the society. On the other side, law is misused to victimize innocent individuals who are not

Problem Oriented Policing Pros and Cons

Problem Oriented Policing Pros and Cons Problem Oriented Policing What, exactly, is problem oriented policing? Critically discuss its potential benefits. Policing in the UK and many other countries play an extremely vital part in helping to reduce different forms of crime. The police have a major impact on what becomes defined as a crime, which offences are prioritized, and which sections of the community are portrayed as ‘dangerous’ or ‘troublesome’. (Waddington, 2000:156). There are a number of different approaches to reducing crime; however my main focus throughout this essay will be on problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing has its advantages as well as disadvantages in preventing crime. In this essay I will discuss whether problem oriented policing has potential benefits in order to prevent crime in society. Police in the UK today is seen as a civil service that helps to solve and tackle the problem of crime. The police are faced with many problems everyday and do their best to deal with it within the restrictions of law, there are a number of different policing strategies used to tackle and prevent the problem of crime. Policing is a social institution which involves maintenance, peacekeeping, crime investigation, prevention and the rule of law enforcement which involves having a certain amount of power to serve their purpose (Jones and Newburn, 1998). To understand the current situation of policing it is essential to look at the background and history how crime was reduced in the past and what changes have been made in order to help reduce and prevent crime today. Although policing has some core features globally (Bayley, 1985; Mawby, 1999; Waddington, 1999a: 3-4), the exact forms that it takes vary widely, even within particular localities. Modern British policing, for example, with its ‘omnibus role’ incorporating ‘crime prevention, detection, peacekeeping, public order maintenance and the preservation of state security (Reiner, 1994a:755) emerges from several very different historical strands. The occupation of patrolling to prevent crime and apprehend offenders emerged from the functions of the medieval constable and watchmen, while ‘riot control’ emerged from the role of military in suppressing disorderly crowds (Rawlings, 2002; Vogler, 1991). These differing traditions, and the ideologies and practices they have given rise to, represent continual tensions in policing. Crime in the past was not as a great deal as it is in today’s society. There have been a lot of social changes as a result the way in which the state was controlled differed as there weren’t a lot of opportunities to commit crimes in the past. In today’s society, there are many different forms of policing as there are a number of different offences that need to be dealt with in a diverse way. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel established one of the well recognized policing systems which were the Metropolitan police. People hoped that the political system would improve aspects of society because in the 19th century, crime rates were increasing and the home office and government needed to act quickly upon this problem or things would get worse. Also there is a criticism of the role of policing as it is only concerned with crime and the enforcement of law which has restrictions and limits only to a certain extent to prevent crime (Goldstein, 1979). Goldstein argued that a new strategy needed to be developed as most crimes are in the same place and committed by the same individuals. Developing new strategies for preventing crime came about because of social, cultural, economic changes and growth of the state over the years. The criminal justice system as an approach on its own didn’t seem to have a great deal of an effect in controlling crime as it was made up of prosecuting, sentencing and punishing those who had offended. As a result when addressing the problem of crime, it was seen as a suitable way to use an additional approach alongside the criminal justice system which in this case is problem oriented policing (POP). In the 1980’s a new idea was introduced to the police in order to reinforce primary crime prevention. ‘This idea was called problem-oriented policing (POP), which was developed in America by Herman Goldstein’ (Goldstein, 1979; 1990) it’s purpose was to seek the main route of the crime and analyse it in order to understand why the crime had happened. POP became a success in the UK and North America. (Pease, 1997). It involves rank and file officers becoming pro-active in solving root causes of reoccurring problems in relation to the type of offender, localities and victims (Tilley, 1996). Problem oriented policing is a type of pro-active policing strategy and has become increasingly influential in the UK and addresses problems systematically in an ongoing process. The development of POP was based on perception that demands placed upon the police service meant that key issues of community to the community were often neglected (Tiley, 2003:318) ‘thus the active involvement of the community and external agencies is often vital to the identification of problems and the development of strategies to solve them’ (Leigh, Reid and Tilley, 1996:5). Crime prevention in Britain has constantly been seen as being the duty of the police. The British crime survey in 1982 showed that crime was four times higher than police had recorded it. (Walklate, 1996.) And more recently Barclay, (1995) found that only 3% of government expenditure on crime and criminal justice matters was spent on crime prevention. (Pease, 1997.) This showed that that the police alone could not combat such a level of crime. The basic premise of POP ‘is that the core of policing should be to deal effectively with underlying police-recurrent problems rather than simply to react to incidents calling for attention one by one as they occur’ (Bullock and Tilley, 2003:1). ‘This approach places the application of scientific methods at the heart of policing’ (Ekbolm, 2002; Bullock and Tilley, 2003: 5-6; John and Maguire, 2003:38) and involves: ‘identifying and analysing recurrent problems’ ‘interrogating their underlying sources’ ‘finding some points of intervention that will block caused and risk factors’ ‘Implementing the initiatives that have been devised’, ‘evaluating the success of initiatives put forward to respond to identified problems.’ An example of this would be in Clarke and Goldstein, 2002, which was a study done on a construction site that concerned theft. The crime was understood to be easy access to valuable products being available where the site was poorly safeguarded. With police assessment and knowledge of the problem, the construction site followed guidelines and some procedures where the police monitored compliance in order for it to be tracked. The results showed that the reaction the police got was successful as the analysis focused on understanding the circumstances that caused the problem to occur in the first place. In this sense it could be seen as a successful way to help prevent crime as no power was used, no arrests were made and it solved the problem quickly and effectively saving the police and company time and money. This is a successful way to monitor how different companies can protect themselves by doing a straightforward task such as getting appropriate equipment to guard property such as alarms, and then offenders will think twice before wanting to carry out a crime if the opportunity is not there. Problem oriented policing also engages in problem analysis triangle (PAT) and scanning, analysis, response and assessment (SARA). In a two year research project conducted in Leicestershire, there was training based on PAT and SARA which provided officers with knowledge of what the job involves. This was an experiment which involved tackling specific problems. The research project makes use of the strategies by identifying a problem, using knowledge and data to look further into the problems and causes of crime. It also teaches officers how to respond in an effective way by working with the community to assess if the solutions worked and what has been learnt. Problem oriented policing has gone further by being introduced in Thames Valley policing in 1997, Merseyside and other police forces. This shows that the approach used is a wide geographical spread, long term prevention program that is successful in tackling the underlying causes of problems. This project builds an idea how it would be successful to deal with problems and help prevent crime by working together and finding a solution that will prevent problems. It also shows how PAT and SARA is used to prevent crime and solving community problems. Problem oriented policing is therefore examining patterns of crime to identify and prevent underlying problems within the community. Oriented policing has shown to of had a great impact on the United States and is becoming more influential in the UK. The government and home office have implemented and introduced several different laws and agencies to help reduce crime. However, it is open to discussion to say what it is regarding problem oriented policing that has made it more significant in the UK and does it work? There are many merits as well as drawbacks to the benefits of problem orientated policing. There are a number of benefits of problem oriented policing, these include: ‘Decentralisation, POP attempts to move the focus of police decision making away from managers and towards front-line officers who are in a better position to understand the causes and possible solutions for problems’( John and Maguire,2003:65). It has been argued that ‘officers must know the underlying issues locally, be in contact with the community, have information to help understand the nature of the problems that generate clusters of incident, be supported by senior offices in attempting to solve problems imaginatively and tailor problem-solving to emerging local issues’ (Jordan, 1998:73). This should enable police resources to become more directly related to community needs. ‘Enhances the status of neighbourhood officers, POP envisages a significant role for local police officers whose status in the police service are likely to rise’ (Blair, 2005). ‘A shift away from law enforcement, POP involves activities to solve crime-related issues which are undertaken by agencies other than the police and by local communities’ an example of this is the burglary reduction initiative on a large housing estate in Stockport. (Bratby, 1999: 28-9). ‘Emphasises the importance of intelligence to police work, POP places considerable emphasis on the gathering and analysis of intelligence as the basis of society’s response to crime. The emphasis is on eliminating problems in the future as opposed to reacting to past incidents’ (Joyce, 2006:130). However a drawback of this point is it could be argued that the scanning and analysis of the data collected may not be accurate as it is community biased so is the data collected true and who is benefiting from the work carried out. It could be looked at in a sense that the community need to help themselves address issues as well as with the help of the police. For example when addressing the trouble of gang activities, the community need to get involved by disciplining their children and if gangs are making a nuisance of themselves then the community need to tackle this problem together. Even though there is optimistic perspectives in the benefits of problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing has changed the work of some police forces so it makes it easier to refer to other cases and they have knowledge of what is going on. Officers will find it easier to respond to problems and know what they are dealing with so that the main cause of the problem is solved, reducing the risk of it happening again. It is obvious to state that the police must work with the community to know what issues must be addressed, however, how much are people in the community willing to participate. It has been seen that progress in applying a problem-oriented approach to policing was patchy (HMIC, 1998) and many were identified as being a long way off from implementing it fully (HMIC, 2000). The reason for the relatively slow progress includes: ‘The need to respond to incidents, much police work is demand led, having to respond to calls for help made by members of the general public’, ‘Complexity, considerable social skills are required in connection with problem identification, the analysis of their causes and the evaluation of the strategies to respond to these issues. These skills are not readily found within the police service, these activities are time consuming’. (Goldsteing, 2003; Matassa and Newburn, 2003:213). It has been argued that ‘POP is interpreted and implemented in too many ways to permit any firm conclusion’ (Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003:244) it has been further argued that the assessment of outcomes in monetary terms is insufficiently developed to be able to assess whether POP is cost effective Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003:249). It can also be argued that problem oriented policing deals with minor incidents such as theft and ignores other major problems. By focusing on such a minor problem is not going to be benefiting the community as there are other crimes that need to be addressed and the police will sooner or later deal with the problem by enforcement. A small amount of attention is paid to the oriented policing approach in dealing with problems it is likely that with policing they tend to naturally think enforcement. Oriented policing is interpreted and implemented in a number of ways; it is difficult to implement it. Also officers may not take the approach seriously due to the hassle of paperwork and following that procedure sometimes does not fit in with the police forces routine so there is the drawback of the approach not being used. Culture is another drawback within the police force as most officers have the principle that crime can only be solved if actual force is used. If officers are following this belief then no problems will get solved because the origin cause will not be solved, offenders will keep committing the same offence and officers will take action by using enforcement. It is clear to see that problem oriented policing has its drawbacks but this is the situation with most crime prevention strategies. Every strategy that has been implemented will always have its pros and cons. Research shows that this approach would work if it was encouraged more and used more effectively within the day to day routine of the officers. The police forces find it straightforward and easy to use enforcement. Other strategies involved in reducing crime, such as intelligent led policing and community policing. They work in a different way compared to problem oriented policing. Even though these three models are pro-active strategies there job roles cannot be correlated to work collectively as they have different means and different functions. The proactive approach has an impact on crime reduction as it produces a compelling solution and reduces the underlying causes of crime without being too reactive. There are a number of factors that make up problem oriented policing and it has a lot of benefits. The benefits of problem oriented policing are clear to see that it involves a better served public, convenient demands on the police because underlying problems are solved such as reducing replicate emergency calls and officers with greater job satisfaction from being successful in meeting the communities objectives. Overall it seems that Goldstein’s approach was not successfully used as it was planned. The main reason being the police force are involved in tackling the cause of problems but there is no time for it as police forces are so complex. The objectives of policing are set nationwide and there are no serious circumstances of implementing problem oriented policing, I have outlined many advantages and disadvantages to this approach throughout this essay, and it seems to show that the benefits are lower than the disadvantages of this approach for this approach many things do need to change also other agencies need to be involved as it cannot solely be up to just the police force to battle the problem of crime. On the whole, problem oriented policing has its implications but it has delivered some benefits and the approach is still undertaken today so to a degree it is beneficial to the community in some way. Referencing list Goldstein, H. (1990) Problem-Oriented Policing, New York: McGraw-Hill Joyce, P. (2006) Criminal Justice, An Introduction To Crime and The Criminal Justice System. Chapter 3 (page119) Policing: methods, structure and organisation Lecture 7 Handout, Proactive/Problem Oriented/Zero-Tolerance Policing Maguire Mike, Morgan Rod and Reiner Robert, 2002, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, chapter 26, Crime Reduction. Newburn, T. (2003) Handbook of Policing, Cullompton: Willan Tilley, N. (2005) Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Cullompton: Willan Walklate, S. (Ed. By McLaughlin Muncie) (1996) Controlling Crime. London: Sage.

Anthropologie du Bo (Théorie et Pratique du gris-gris) :: French Essays

Anthropologie du Bo (Thà ©orie et Pratique du gris-gris) ABSTRACT: Subjective knowledge should not be separated from anthropology. But, unfortunately, this is the prevailing practice. The anthropology of Bo expresses the presence of Africa in anthropology. The authenticity of the African is found in his fervent practice of Bo. His thought, action, relations with others-his entire way of life-is based on the practice of Bo insofar as he wears Bo names. Bo is deeply rooted in his cultural values and comprises the background for all social organizations and thus acts as a social regulator. In Western anthropology there is a scientific mind; in African anthropology there is a Bo mentality that attempts to understand the world and then conquer it. Problà ©matique Le premier devoir de l'homme selon Socrate, est de se connaà ®tre soi-mà ªme. De philosophique cette connaissance est devenue anthropologique de nos jours. L'anthropologie est une science qui tend à   l'exclusion des autres, des autres hommes, des autres socià ©tà ©s, des autres cultures. L'homme qu'elle connaà ®t n'est pas un à ªtre abstrait, mais un homme concret, de tel continent, de telle race, de tel pays, de telle culture. C'est par exemple l'africain en gà ©nà ©ral ou le bà ©ninois en particulier. Ainsi nous allons au cours de ce vingtià ¨me (XXà ¨me) Congrà ¨s Mondial de Philosphie, rà ©flà ©chir sur l'homme en nous appuyant sur sa pratique du Bo (concept fon traduit en franà §ais par gris-gris). Dans l'Homme et l'adaptation au milieu, Renà © DUBOS à ©crit à   la page : "On a gà ©nà ©ralement tendance à   considà ©rer que les actività ©s scientifiques (recherches, etc...) sont à   mettre à   part de l'ensemble des manifestations de la vie humaine, et mà ªme qu'elles sont au-dessus ; cette tendance est dangeureuse pour l'humanità © ; elles risque mà ªme de freiner le progrà ¨s scientifique. En fait, vu les rapports à ©troits qui existent entre l'entreprise scientifique et la totalità © de la vie sociale, il est probable que la poursuite de la science ne sera possible que si les savants parviennent à   rattacher leur curiosità © professionnelle aux intà ©rà ªts et aux aspirations de l'humanità © en gà ©nà ©ral... Le choix des priorità ©s ne pourra plus se faire uniquement selon les crità ¨res de prà ©fà ©rence presonnelle ; de plus en plus il sera fonction des exigences de la socià ©tà ©. La science est comparable à   un organisme qui ne peut survi vre qu'en s'adaptant à   l'à ©volution de la socià ©tà © au sein de laquelle elle fonctionne". Cette longue citation de l'anthropologue amà ©ricain à ©claire d'une lumià ¨re vive nos prà ©occupations dans le choix de notre sujet "ANTHROPOLOGIE DU BO" (thà ©orie et pratique du gris-gris).

The implementation phase

The execution stage involves the practical attack to a system. The construct which we have proposed is to be converted into the feasible signifier. This is the stage which is to the full dependent on the design stage. What we have designed is to be written, compiled and tested. Thus it is a stage which translates the design into the codification that really performs the undertaking. It may take several loops of the theoretical account to bring forth a on the job plan. Implementation besides affects the testing and care of the developed system. As plans get more complicated, proving and debugging entirely may non be plenty to bring forth dependable codification. Alternatively, it is required to compose plans in a mode that will guarantee that mistakes are caught or avoided. Implementation includes user presentment, user preparation, installing of hardware, installing of package onto production computing machines, and integrating of the system into day-to-day work processes. This stage continues until the system is runing in production in conformity with the defined user demands. As described earlier the tool used is MATLAB so the designing signifier is really easy. The separate codification has been written for the happening the sentence similarity step and sentence bunch methods. In this chapter the construction of execution is described along with the assorted files which are involved in the execution of the undertaking. Figure 5.1 Summarization of Work The figure shows the that the anticipation will execute on the user petition so that the prefetched petition will direct as the answer.Implementation StairssHere merely specify some stairss which was necessary at clip of execution. The work is implemented in a individual MATLAB file. In this work there is demand of a web log fileGenerate web log file:In this work at that place was a little web site implemented in php in order to bring forth web log has used. After running this web site web has generate on web waiter.Log Pre-Processing-Along with that of import information there is besides some inconsistent informations like noise, void value and other mistake information which is non so of import for web personalization so in order better web excavation consequence its demand to polish web log file before excavation. Data cleansing, user and session designation, informations integrating and so on are chief of import portion of log pre processing.Datas Cleaning: –In proposed me thodological analysis informations cleaning procedure usage to recognized utile item and take unwanted and excess noise and shop in informations base after standardization.User & A ; Session designation: – User and session designation is really of import measure towards web personalization by and large IP reference is used to separate but when there is an proxy waiter so figure of user holding same IP reference so some more attribute like browses information, runing system and Refer URI field is used as per concern.F-P tree for frequent page coevals: – Proposed algorithms used F-P growing [ 4 ] construct to bring forth frequent web page. F-P growing algorithms usage to bring forth frequent point set without demand to bring forthing candidate point set so it is really clip efficient to utilize F-P growing.Assignment of comparative weight-Proposed algorithms usage Weight regulation construct to delegate comparative weight to each page with regard to each other page. This comparative weight is use to stand for chance of page P petition merely after page Q.Weighted Markov matrix: – proposed algorithms usage M*M two dimensional tabular array to hive away comparative weight. M is entire figure of alone dealing /page that had be identify in above measure. for illustration comparative weight of P wrt Q is store at qth row and pth column so at clip pre bringing if q page is called so at qth row the page holding highest comparative weight is to be pre fetched with page Q.ConsequencesIn this subdivision we attached the assorted screen shootings in order to demo the end products of the proposed work. As we discussed about the environment of execution these end products are generated by the MATLAB. Figure 5.1 is the first measure of our executing. This window has some option in order to pull out the coveted consequence. This GUI window generate with the executing of the codification. For this we have to run the MATLAB file from the bid window of MATLAB of merely snaping right of our mouse and choose the option of tally. Figure 5.1 Startup Window This window generated by put to deathing the.m file of codification which shows that this is a MATLAB file. Figure 5.2 shows the working of â€Å"Load Log File† button. This is besides a welcome window of the execution. Figure 5.2 First measure to run the codification When we click on the button â€Å"Load Log File† so our log file will lade in informations base. After lading the log file at that place will a message box appears as a welcome message every bit good as to conformed that information base has successfully loaded of the provided log file. Here pages which have the highest frequence of call will demo in â€Å"selected pages† . In this figure we can see the five pages. It means all users call these five pages largely. Now, get down the executation by snaping on the â€Å"Start† button. When we start the executation some other option will enable. First one is shown in this figure. Figure 5.3 Choice of Page After lading the log file first option â€Å"Select the naming page† will demo the list of all web pages avalabel in the log file. We need to choose the page for which Pre-fetching needed. Figure 5.3 shows the list of available pages. This is a run clip option which is enalbe after the snaping the start button for executing. These consequences can be change on the footing of user petition. These user petitions will alter the log file and there will be the possibility to alter the consequence of Pre-fetching the pages. Finally when we get these consequences as pages these pages will direct to the client side.GraphThis graph shows the clip complexness of the assorted methods. It seems to us that the proposed method is more accurate than the other. Figure 5.4 Graph for clip complexness In this graph we have compare the clip complexness of assorted methods in order to prefetch the right page. As shows in graph there are many techniques have done this work in old clip. In footings of infinite we need big infinite so that it is non infinite efficient. This graph shows the infinite complexness of the old methods and the proposed method. Here proposed method has high infinite complexness. Figure 5.5 Graph to Show Space Complexity We need big size of infinite due to utilize of immense informations base. It besides need big infinite for high figure of regulations used for pre-fetching the page.ComplexityTime Complexity-Proposed methodological analysis for taking determination refering pre-fetch page holding extra overhead clip needed to measuring the petition from any client. Existing Systolic tree construct uses systolic Tree to hive away comparative weight and clip taken for taking determination about pre-fetch page is O ( Log N ) where N is height of tree, whereas proposed technique uses 2D tabular array that take O ( 1 ) for pre-fetching individual page as shown in figure 5.4. The Table 5.1 gives the elaborate clip analysis between proposed technique, weighted regulation theoretical account and Markov Model. Table 5.1: Time Comparison Space Complexity– In footings of infinite proposed methodological analysis is moderate because it needs big infinite as compared to weighted tree methodological analysis but much lesser than field Markov theoretical account. Figure 5.5 shows the infinite complexness proposed technique, Weighted regulation and Markov theoretical account. Here the graph shows that the infinite complexness of proposed method is much lesser than markov theoretical account but small spot more than leaden tree Concept theoretical account. Table 5.2: Space Comparison Chapter 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKDecisionThere are big figure of web application has been used for the assorted intent. These applications should be good at its response clip. Therefore the web caching and web Pre-fetching are the attacks which can be applicable for the heightening the response clip of a web application. This paper is a appraisal on these attacks. These constructs come under the web excavation so here we besides covered the web excavation. This paper besides throws some visible radiation on the old work as in the related work. In related work we found that the web Pre-fetching can use on any web application. This attack can use with assorted schemes. In the current research a new method is proposed utilizing FP growing Tree and Markov Model. The proposed method is applied along with comparative weight construct for pre-fetching. The consequence analysis shows that proposed method utilizing FP Growth tree and Markov theoretical account have moderate clip and infinite complexness as comparison to old one. This method is besides best suited for pre-fetch the page of a web site as shown in the consequence.FUTURE WORKThe thesis work is a solution in order to pre-fetch the web page every bit fast as possible. It is necessary to heighten the public presentation of the web waiter and supply the fast service to the clients. The proposed work is besides a measure to get the better of this job. The proposed theoretical account used two techniques to work out the above job in efficient mode. Consequences shows that proposed methodological analysis have high degree of infinite complexness. Graphs besides shows that regulation used in proposed method are small bit more than old techniques. The way for future work is to minimise the infinite complexness of this proposed technique. It is besides possible to cut down the regulations which can assist to get the better of the infinite complexness.

Book Awards Open to Self-Published Books

Book Awards Open to Self-Published Books Book awards have made great strides in broadening eligibility rules to allow authors to submit self-published books. When I first began collecting information about awards for published books, many of them only accepted submissions and nominations from publishers themselves. This has changed. The following is a list of some of the many book awards that are open to self-published authors. Some of the awards are limited to authors writing in specific genres, while others have a regional focus. North Street Book Prize http://winningwriters.com/our-contests Winning Writers recently announced it is sponsoring the North Street Book Prize, aimed at recognizing outstanding self-published books. Categories for this first year are Mainstream/Literary Fiction, Genre Fiction, and Creative Nonfiction. The cost is $50.00 per entry, and the winner in each category will receive $1,500 plus a variety of marketing services. Two honorable mentions in each category will receive $250. All contestants receive a selection of helpful guides for publishing and promotion. The Foreword Reviews INDIEFAB Book of the Year Awards https://indiefab.forewordreviews.com Accepts self-published books in more than 60 categories/genres, including Fantasy, Humor, Travel, Juvenile Fiction, Picture Books, and True Crime. The early-bird entry fee is $79, plus two copies of the book, for each category in which the book is entered. The top three winners in each category receive publicity and can order stickers to put on their books. Monetary awards are given to one best â€Å"fiction† and one best â€Å"nonfiction† book. The Eric Hoffer Award for Independent Books hofferaward.com Offers awards in several writing categories, including Poetry, General Fiction, E-book Fiction, and E-book Nonfiction, as well as categories Debut-litzer Prizes http://latenightlibrary.org The literary non-profit organization Late-Night Library sponsors the Debut-litzer Prizes for a first work of fiction or poetry. Submissions are accepted from authors or publishers, and self-published works are eligible, provided the work is the â€Å"first† in the genre Thorpe Menn Literary Excellence Award http://kansascity-mo.aauw.net/events/thorpe-menn-literary-award/ Presented American Book Awards beforecolumbusfoundation.com/american-book-awards/ The Before Columbus Foundation sponsors the American Book Awards, which has no restrictions on self-published books. It is open to anyone, and there are no categories; awardees are selected solely based on literary excellence. The cost to enter is two copies of the book. While there is no monetary prize, award winners are formally recognized at a ceremony, and are given publicity through the Before Columbus Foundation website. Other awards include the Minnesota Book Awards (http://thefriends.org/events/mnba/nominations-applications/book-award-nomination/), the Brockman-Campbell Book Award (ncpoetrysociety.org/bcaward/), the Lambda Literary Awards (lambdaliterary.org/award-guidelines/), and the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award (hurstonwright.org). Although these do not have restrictions on self-published books, other eligibility requirements may apply. Please refer to award websites for complete and updated information, as well as details on entry deadlines.

Janis essays

Janis essays One of the most colorful music legends of the 1960s was Janis Joplin. Blues legend Janis Lyn Joplin was born on January 19th 1943, the eldest child of parents Seth and Dorothy Joplin. Janis was born and raised in the small Southern petroleum industry town of Port Arthur, Texas. Her father was a canning factory worker, her mother a registrar at a local business college. Her non-aberrational upbringing coupled with the atmosphere of Port Arthur at the time; generally restrictive, intolerant, and unnurturing must've made even Janis' early childhood difficult. By all accounts, however, Janis seems to have been a "normal" and happy child, who fitted society's usual definition of "pretty". It was in Janis' adolescence that the hang-ups and hassles that were to affect the path of the rest of her life. In a sense, her rigid upbringing played a large part in making Janis who she was. This would never have been admitted at the time, but, predictably, the "Port Arthur" ethic created a fire insi de Janis and kept it burning until her death. Janis' troubles began, when she was a teenager with her "good looks" gradually began to disintegrate, her soft blonde hair turned into an unruly brown mane. She also developed severe acne, which would scar her mentally as well as physically. Hence, Janis became something of a loner, as was named the ugly girl. She soon began avoiding mirrors, and her anxiety about her looks was made worse by the constant taunts by peers, who rejected her and often made fun of her. When Janis found that society had rejected her, she rejected it. Janis grew up on classical music and country music back in Texas, discovered the blues in Louisiana. Janis was soon inspired to both learn and appreciate music, and its roots were her idols included Odettea, Leadbelly and Bessie Smith, who would have great influence on her subsequent musical career, especially her vocal style. By the time Janis graduated from Thomas Jefferson High...

Basic Rhetorical Analysis (Technical Communication) Essay

Basic Rhetorical Analysis (Technical Communication) - Essay Example It is designed to provide as information to companies or employees who are creating a protection office first-aid system. While it cannot particularly indicate the objectives and lifestyle of a particular market or companies, it shows the overall goal of defending the safe practice of employees and the surroundings both through the Work-related Protection and Wellness Management (OSHA) as well as common market. The information is created through OSHA but was designed collaboratively through similar companies such as the Nationwide Protection Authorities or the United States Nationwide Requirements Institution to get to know the needs for system growth, etc. Lastly, the OSHA information uses appropriate design to increase legibility yet includes few graphics/ style due to the level of the content where it provides totally to help the visitors fix problems. HELPS THE TARGETED READERS WITH THEIR PROBLEMS: OSHA's details are ideal for United States companies looking to apply a first-aid system for their business. The details identify its viewers in the preface to the headline page and in the Release and Purpose area. The details do a very good job of dealing with the features of an office first-aid program to visitors who have the power within their company to apply and handle such a program: the companies. For example, the Release declares the components of an office first-aid program such as evaluating threats, developing and applying a first-aid system, training workers on factors of the system, and system assessment and servicing. A company may use these details to fix various situational issues. The details might be used to ensure office conformity with the government OSHA Act of 1970. This might mean beginning a first-aid program from the beginning or reassessing the framework of a present system. A company might turn to the guide in reaction to a threat or damage, or to be ready and ready with the resources for avoidance. Perhaps a company is under lawful st ress to enhance the organization's system. Alternatively, an employer might want to enhance the organization's first-aid system as a motivation to hire and maintain employees. This detail is ready with extensive details companies need to fix any of these issues. For example, the details provide sources to types, reviews, and places of nationwide information to help an employer evaluate chance of office threat or damage. It goes on to recommend acquiring reviews of EMS, fire and save reaction times to plan a first-aid system designed to the office atmosphere. The guide also provides described details on other OSHA services along with URLs and contact information. Including these components allows the company explains his/her knowing by offering more detail on a topic. Some subjects, however, seem to try to protect too much details, making the content wide and unexplained. The Components of a First Aid System subject gives long details of bulleted factors. These factors cover a wide v ariety of information, but could keep people feeling confused about including every idea into his/her organization's first aid program. REFLECTION OF OSHA’S CULTURE AND AIMS The purpose of the details is to suggest Mixed declares organizations on ways to create and sustain a proper and balanced and safe workplace. OSHA's business purpose is

Crime Seriousness and Prior Criminal Record Dissertation

Crime Seriousness and Prior Criminal Record - Dissertation Example As the discussion declares there is a positive correlation between a person’s prior criminal record and the chances that firstly, such a person is more likely to commit an offence in the future, and secondly, that there is a greater probability of such offences resulting in imprisonment. Moreover, as a result of mandatory sentencing policies, repeat offenders are now far more likely to face imprisonment. A prior record sets into motion totally different responses amongst law enforces, with the suspect considered ‘guilty until proved innocent’, rather than the other way around which is the basis of modern jurisprudence. However, this ground reality has resulted in two developments that go contrary to conventional logic. This paper stresses that though crime rates have declined, prison populations have actually increased, which questions the very basic premise that the threat of getting caught and imprisoned actually deters crime. In fact, the prison population is likely to grow in coming years. A study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics revealed that the 1994 prison population would rise by 51% by the year 2000. This is a direct result of taking into account a person’s prior criminal record, however minor and irrespective of the relevance of previous offences to the new charge. The other aspect is the increasing numbers of African Americans in particular that constitute the prison population. This is in spite of the fact that several positive changes in society such as the civil rights movement and enhanced educational and employment opportunities.