Process Analysis Essay Examples

Process analysis essay examples imply such academic papers that describe a certain process with each step of the activity being listed in a logical order. Such essays start with an introduction to the process and the supposing result that one is to get after following all the mentioned actions. Then, every step is to be described in a new paragraph that, altogether, make the body of the paper. Lastly, the conclusion of the process analysis essay examples has to include a brief overview of the process and list its main milestones. How to Kick a Bad Habit Having realized that one is prone to repeating the same unhealthy activity over and over, an individual starts to look for ways to kick the habit. However, without particular knowledge, it is quite difficult to combat such a behavior and ensure that the effect is long-lasting. Among different bad habits, people tend to wonder how to get rid of smoking cigarettes, drinking too much alcohol, snacking before going to bed, or picking their lips. Thus, in order to kick any of these or other bad habits, it is important to follow an easy algorithm that consists of only several steps and will lead one to a healthier life. To start with, it is important to realize the need for overcoming the repetitive behavior, as, in the opposite case, all of the efforts will be in vain. At the same time, while being honest with him- or herself, the person will become motivated to keep working on achieving a good result. Thus, an individual will understand the reasons for doing his or her best in order to get out of any bad habit. The next step is all about analyzing and planning; in particular, one has to identify the time of carrying out the action, such as smoking or getting a mid-night snack. This will help to create a full image of how often and how long one does the activity in order to get prepared for finding a replacement habit that is healthier. For example, instead of smoking a cigarette of getting an extra glass of wine, he or she can drink a glass of water or make a cup of tea instead. This will help to fulfill the need for performing a certain ritual but will not provoke for a habitual behavior and negatively affect the person’s health. Lastly, having completed the previous steps, one is to start keeping track of the results. Thus, for every successful period of being out of a habit, the person can reward him- or herself with a new clothing item, a piece of technology, a trip, or any other need. Such a system will help to remain motivated and be eager to stick to the new way of life without returning to the habit. In order to conclude, kicking a bad habit is not a quick and simple process, although it is certainly possible to do it. Thus, one has to admit to having an unhealthy habit, realize the conditions of performing it, and replace it with another activity that is more beneficial. Then, it is important to track the progress and celebrate each new milestone on the way to a healthy life. References 7 Tips to Kick Bad Habits for Good Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic. (2017). Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2013/06/7-tips-to-kick-bad-habits-for-good/ Cant Kick a Bad Habit? Youre Probably Doing It Wrong. (2017). Nir and Far. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from http://www.nirandfar.com/2015/04/bad-habits.html Cymbalista-Clapp, J. (2017). 10 Bad Habits and the Best Ways to Quit Them | Readers Digest. Readers Digest. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from http://www.rd.com/health/wellness/10-bad-habits-and-the-best-ways-to-quit-them/ Sachan, D. (2016). How To Kick Your Bad Habits. Spirituality Health Magazine. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/articles/how-kick-your-bad-habits Stenger, M. (2014). Kick Your Bad Habits With These 4 Psychological Tricks. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-13422/kick-your-bad-habits-with-these-4-psychological-tricks.html

The Importance Of Regular Exercise And Good Nutrition

Introduction Regular exercise and good nutrition play an important role in your ability to sustain your complete health and quality of life. Consistent exercise and proper nutrition can help maintain Body Mass Index (BMI), it is effective in weight management, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance and strength (enhanced physical performance) and mental stimulation and stability. There has been an increasing curiosity in how nutrition and physical activity can improve mental health thus resulting in higher academic achievements. There is a plethora of research available to show how brain function and learning can be benefitted through nutrition. There is also the belief that rationalising, concentration and consequently academic achievement can be obtained through higher levels of physical activity. Matric students are given the â€Å"privilege† of not being compelled into participating in physical activity. A large number of matric students chose not to participate in p hysical activity within school once given this â€Å"privilege†. Through the means of other research into nutrition and physical activity, this research task is based upon the endeavours to answer the subsequent: what role does nutrition play in students’ academic performance; what role does physical activity play in students’ academic performance; and what can be done to improve the nutrition and fitness of students? When nutrition and physical fitness are eitherShow MoreRelatedImportant Predictors Of Nutrition And Physical Activity Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesCrescent Medical Journal, authors Fatemeh Rahmati-Najarkolaei, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Mohammed Gholami Fesharaki and Mohammed Reza Jafari studied factors predicting nutrition and physical activity behaviors with the concern of cardiovascular disease in Tehran University students. This study aims to identify the important predictors of nutrition and physical activity in relation to cardiovascular disease in students of Tehran University. (Rahmati-Najarkolaei, Tavafian, Fesharaki, Jafari 2014). ParticipantsRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Education1361 Words   |  6 Pagesplaces little to no importance on physical activity. Their idea of exercise consists of how fast their fingers type. Immediate changes need to be implemented in the education system to avoid serious long-term effects. College physical education courses are design ed to promote a healthy lifestyle through education and exercise. The main objective of the education system incorporating physical education into curriculums was to inform and educate students on the importance of exercise for health purposesRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Activity And Its Emphasis1170 Words   |  5 Pages2016 The Importance Physical Activity and its Emphasis in schools Our lives are very busy with many activities to the point where we neglect our health. Over time the neglect results in various diseases and illnesses. In order to avoid this from happening, we need to make physical activity part of our lifestyle from an early age. Physical activity has many benefits while many young people of the future are still in school. According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control regular physical activityRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Health On Sleep And Dreams1669 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain the balance of proper nutrition, adequate exercise, and quality sleep in order to optimize physical and mental health. This essay will show the benefits of maintaining physical health, through an individual ten day journal tracking: nutrition, exercise, sleep, and dreams (Table 1); combined with other pertinent research and studies, involving the effects of physical health on the body systems. Raw Data from Individual Study Day 1 2 3 4 5 Diet* 4 4 3 2 3 Exercise** 5 3 4 2 1 Sleep*** 4 5 4 3Read MoreHealth Self Assessment1317 Words   |  6 Pagesauthors, Meeks, Hait Paige (2009) describe the importance of self-appraisals and health behavior inventories in teaching students about their practices that will impact their health. In order to become an effective teacher who is enthusiastic about health education, the author of this paper focuses on gaining a comprehensive understanding of her health. After assessing my health through an internet tool available on the Council for Responsible Nutrition wellness campaign webpage, I have reached severalRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Activity And Nutrition1618 Words   |  7 Pages It is essential for every human being to understand the importance of physical activity and nutrition. Exercise and diet play a major role in contributing to health and quality of life. â€Å"Not only is 1 in every 8 Americans older than 65 years, but a person aged 65 can expect to live an average of 18 more years (Drewnowski, 2001).† The fact that people are living longer involves many factors, however, taking care of ourselves is an essential one. While each of the two are vital together they alsoRead MoreObesity Among City Dwellers Is Becoming One Of The Major National Health Concerns1216 Words   |  5 Pagesfood restaurants and not enough health eating places. The city houses so many fast food restaurants such as MacDonald, Wendy’ s, Burger king and Pizza Hut. Physical exercise among residents of the city is limited. According to the interviewee, most people have a preference for fast food restaurants because of its convenience and good taste. Although the city has health fares every 2 weeks which includes BMI screening, the incidence of obesity is in an alarming trend. So, many of the residents appearRead MoreEssay on How to Teach Kids the Importance of Nutrition and Exercise537 Words   |  3 Pagesparents are struggling these days to find time for family exercise in their busy schedules. And even when the whole family comes together for a group activity, motivating kids to enjoy a physical workout is also a challenge. However, by planning fun and creative activities that involve the entire family, parents can help their children enjoy a healthy lifestyle. One of the keys to teaching a child the importance of proper nutrition and exercise is to emphasize maintaining a healthy weight in theirRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Teaching Plan Assignment1258 Words   |  6 PagesAvoid problems with your body blood sugar readings must be at normal readings of 85-125, and fasting is 70-110. With regular monitoring you can quickly find out if your blood sugar is too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia), and once on track it can prevent any other health problems. As a diabetic you are in control of your blood sugar readings, with proper diet and exercise your blood sugar readings will stay normal. To self-monitor you will need: Lancet- Thin specialized needle that willRead MoreHealthy Eating Research Paper1689 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems from developing and ensure a long and healthy life style. This research paper will introduce the importance of forming a healthy eating habit from a young age onto the senior years and will also point out some of the negative effects not eating healthy can cause such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, obesity, iron deficiency anemia, dental caries, under-nutrition, and eating disorders. During the past 20 years, there has been a substantial

Slavery’s Injurious to All Free Essays

Slavery’s Injurious to All During the time of slavery, being black meant you were probably a slave and being a slave was brutal. They were treated more like animals than like humans. In Frederick Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, he said, â€Å"slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me† (22). We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery’s Injurious to All or any similar topic only for you Order Now I disagree however as well as agree with him on this, because being a slave you went through ridiculous amounts of punishment and torture that nobody else went through at that time. But, slavery did change the owner’s personality as well. Being a slave meant going through struggles, hardships and not having any family around to help. Their masters were not the nicest people. When they were twelve months old they were taken away from their birthmothers and given to another female slave who cared for them. Children should not be taken away from their mothers at such a young age. They are supposed to have the nurturing care of their mother. When taken away from their mother after being with them for quite some time children get a sense of loss. Not only did they get separated from their mothers, according to Frederick Douglass it was common for their masters to be the father of some of the slave children. The masters would sell their black kids â€Å"out of deference to the feelings of his white wife† (3). It was cruel to sell any human being let alone their own children just because of their class/race difference. If he did not sell the slave, the father would have to whip his own child and watch his white sons tie up his own brother. Slaveholders did not have to go through any of that cruel and unusual punishment as the slaves did. Slaves suffered greater hardships than any other person during this time period. They did not receive sufficient clothing to keep themselves warm during those winter days. And if they ever ruined their clothing they would have to wait till the next â€Å"allowance day†. As well, they did not have any beds to sleep on, they slept on the floors with the little blankets they had. Their slaveholders did not have to go through that suffering of sleeping on a hard floor. They do not compare to what slaves go through. Slaveholders are the wealthy ones compared to slaves; they got to live in comfort while slaves did not. So when Douglass states â€Å"slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me†, about his mistress, I believe he was wrong. Compared to the slaves, the slaveholders and overseers lived a luxurious lifestyle. They did not have to work hard in the fields just to earn the clothing on their backs and their daily meals. No matter what the slaves did it was never the right thing to do to please their masters. Not only did were slaveholders and overseers able to order around their slaves but they also made their lives a â€Å"living hell†. They were whipped for doing wrong or for no reason at all. According to Douglass he had a few masters who were really brutal. For instance, Mr. Severe, Douglass wrote, â€Å"he was a cruel man. I have seen him whip a woman, causing the blood to run half an hour at a time† (7). When an overseer could be as cruel as that, they would never be able to know what the other side of slavery was like. Gore was another cruel man. He was about to whip a slave, Demby. When Demby ran into a creek and stood there. Gore gave Demby three chances to come back to him so he could whip him, he did not listen to him, so Gore shot Demby. After shooting him, Colonel Lloyd, had asked why he resorted to shooting him, his response was, â€Å"he was setting a dangerous example to the other slaves, – one which, id suffered to pass without some such demonstration on his part, would finally lead to the total subversion of all the rule and order upon the plantation† (14). Demby was shot and killed for wanting to get away from being lashed and was punished for that. Slaves were not allowed to have a say on what goes on in their lives, they were a piece of property. Being a slave took a toll on the slaves and their emotions. While slaveholders lived their lives, slaves were depressed. They had endured torture, pain and many more difficulties in their lives. Douglass wrote, â€Å"I often found myself regretting my own existence, and wishing myself dead† (24). Slaveholders cannot and should not be compared to how the slaves felt and were treated. They got to choose the way they lived their lives so they had no regrets doing what they did to the slaves. It was not the slaves fault that they were born into that social class. However on one occasion, slavery does prove to have been as injurious to the slaveholders as to the slaves. When Douglass talks about his mistress, Mrs. Auld, he described her as a very kindhearted woman. She was teaching him how to read and write, since slaves were not allowed to become educated. She had clothing and food ready for him as well. Mrs. Auld was the only slaveholder to treat her slaves so kindly. After her husband banned her from teaching Frederick Douglass, she became coldhearted like all the other slaveholders. Douglass said, â€Å"she now commenced to practice her husband’s precepts she finally became even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself† (22). Mrs. Auld had never had a slave before so she did not know what it was like. Douglass was her first slave to own. In this situation, slavery had then become injurious to slaveholders as it did to slaves. Slavery changed the mistress’s personality, she became cruel. Mr. Auld In conclusion, even though slavery maybe injurious to the white owners, it is proved to be more injurious to the slaves. They are the ones treated unfairly; the owners had a choice the slaves did not. Just because one instance can prove that slavery affected the slaveholders like it did to the slave, it does not justify it one hundred percent. Slaves were the ones getting beaten every day; they had no control over their lives. They were treated like property because of their skin color and the social class they were born into. Some slaveholders enjoyed whipping their slaves, it just goes to show that slave owners did not care about their slaves. How to cite Slavery’s Injurious to All, Essay examples

Ice Hockey free essay sample

As I timidly stepped onto the ice,I faltered, and reached for support. The rink that was like asecond home to me had suddenly been transformed into foreignterritory; most likely because of my new uniform and alienweapon. My face felt caged in, as if those thin metal barswere not only meant to protect my face, but to cut me off fromthe outside world. My body felt heavy, my presenceself-conscious and aware of the bodies that glided by withease, and curious looks. These foreigners had every right tobe curious; not only was I a newcomer, I was the only playeron the ice with a long blonde ponytail flowing from myhelmet. My transition from figure skating to ice hockeywas not a spontaneous one; it was a passion I had longed tofulfill and been contemplating for some time. Silenced by myquiet nature and fear of my parents reaction, I hadsuppressed this secret. I feared their disappointment,especially after all the time, effort and money theyd spenton my figure skating. We will write a custom essay sample on Ice Hockey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Looking back on that ordinaryspring day eight years ago when I declared my boredom withfigure skating and my interest in hockey, I breathe a sighwith many meanings. A sigh filled with relief for a decisionthat had the most positive and significant impact on my life.A sigh laced with fearless determination fed by my drive tobecome equal with the males on my team. For five yearsI was the only female on my team, and one of the few in myleague. I usually received one of two reactions: either aflirtatious Can I have your phone number? or the alwayscomforting extra check and punch in the face. When asked formy number, I replied with in your dreams, or a mockinglaugh. In response to the checks and punches, I retaliatedwith the same force, just enough to lower the aggressorstestosterone and ego a few levels. This challengingsport not only helped me overcome my timid nature, it gave mea confidence and strength of both mind and body I neverthought possible. This self-confidence flourished both on andoff the ice, helping me to excel academically and socially, aswell as athletically. I began concentrating on what was mostimportant to me; I stopped worrying about what others thought. My metamorphosis was triggered when I began playinghockey; I emerged from my cocoon to reveal my true colors. Theexperiences and situations, both positive and negative,encountered during the eight years of hockey have shaped mypersonality, values and future. I may never get theopportunity to become a professional hockey player, but theamount of self-worth I feel as a result of the demanding yearsis rewarding enough. Not that I would mind a championship ringfrom the WNHL on my finger .

What About Gloria Steinem free essay sample

II Early Life a. Her father, Leo Steinem, was a traveling antique dealer and her mother, Ruth Steinem, was a reporter for a newspaper called the â€Å"Toledo Blade†, their hometown newspaper. b. Some of her influences were her parents, a few feminists, and her trip to India. c. Her and her sister Susanne moved around a lot and couldn’t go to regular school, so their mother gave them daily lessons. d. She sold her ideas and articles to many magazines and was slowly getting a reputation as a free-lance reporter. e. She was hired by Show magazine to work as a playboy bunny undercover at Hugh Hefner’s Playboy Club. III Qualities and Description of Person a. She is an independent , hardworking, dedicated person, who didn’t get married till the age 63 because she didn’t want to give her independence to a man b. Because of her independence she became one of the leading voices for women’s rights because she wanted equal pay in the work place. We will write a custom essay sample on What About Gloria Steinem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page c. It was her expose on the playboy bunny club, which was later turned into a movie called â€Å"A Bunny’s Tale†, which added to her fame. IV Contribution to Society a. She is a famous woman’s rights activist because she wanted the same equal rights as men. b. She thought that a way to make society better for women was, as I said before, she wanted the same equal rights as men. c. She helped shaped women’s rights by not stopping till we had the same rights as men. V Conclusion a. I learned because of her, we now have equal pay in the work place and when we get married we don’t have to give our land to our husband, like we had to when Gloria was a kid. b. I want everybody to remember that because of people like her this world, we live in wouldn’t be like it is if she wasn’t born. Report Gloria Marie Steinem was born on March 25, 1934 in Toledo, Ohio. She was a feminist leader, writer, American journalist, and the very first editor of Ms. Magazine. She is currently 76 and is still traveling, writing, and lecturing as much as and like she did 34 years ago. In 1977 she was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Scholarship to study feminism. She also received a Penney-Missouri Journalism award, the Front page and Clarion awards and many more. Gloria’s father, Leo Steinem, was a traveling antique dealer and her mother, Ruth Steinem, was a reporter for a newspaper called the Toledo Blade, their hometown paper. Years later, Ruth suffered from mental illness because she felt lonely when her husband traveled and from the disappointment of having to give up her job. It was too much for Leo, he got divorced and moved to California but still sent a meager pay to Gloria and her mom. Gloria made all the meals, went grocery shopping, and kept the house in shape with little or no help from her mom. A few influences of hers are her parents, other feminist, and her trip to India. Since her and her family moved and lived in a dome-topped trailer and couldn’t go to regular school, she and her sister, Susanne, were given daily lessons by their mother. She sold her ideas and articles to many magazines and was slowly getting a reputation as a free lance reporter. She was hired by Show magazine to work as a playboy bunny undercover at Hugh Hefner’s Playboy Club. She is an independent, hardworking, dedicating person, who didn’t get married till the age 63 because she didn’t want to give her independence to a man. Because of her independence she became one of the leading voices in woman’s rights. It was her expose on the playboy bunny club, which was later turned into a movie called the â€Å"Bunny’s Tale†, which added to her fame. She is a famous women’s rights activist for two reasons: She wanted equal pay and she didn’t want to have to give her property to her husband, basically the same equal rights as men. She thought a way to make society better for women, like I said before, was having the same equal rights as men. She helped society by not stopping or giving up till we had the same rights as men.

The U.S. should not determine world policy (Argumentative) essays

The U.S. should not determine world policy (Argumentative) essays THE U.S. SHOULD NOT DETERMINE WORLD POLICY The United States of America...50 states, 9 629 091 square kilometres of land, population: 280 562 489...But is that really a reason to oppress the rest of the world? Over the years, the U.S. has proven to unfairly dominate and exploit other countries. This has got to stop. How? When? Maybe never. They pretend to care about less-developed countries, pronounce a lot of meaningless speeches with serious looks on their faces, but exploit these countries in a cruel and immoral way. Most people dont realise that, because the U.S.A. are controlling our minds with the hypocritical media, which tells us what George Bush and his predecessors think you should know, hiding their dirty secrets behind misleading news and money-making schemes. The capitalistic octopuses of the U.S.A. are using their power in a negative and irresponsible fashion. They say that their goal is war against terrorism and violence, but all they really do is bring more blood and scandals to our already abused world. The scariest part is that they dont really know who or what are they bombing and for what reason. For all they know, theyre fighting against violence. But have they ever stopped to think that maybe theyre the terrorists? Of course not! Americans dont think. They kill. While the spoken universal #1 enemy is now Iraq, in many ways, it is actually the United States of America. It is inhumane to talk about how we should help less developed countries, while immorally exploiting them at the same time. All the big, successful American companies abuse of millions of workers from Africa and India, working in factories in terrible conditions and paid just enough, or not, to survive. The American governement uses the sweat and blood of the proletariat to oil their capitalistic robbing machinery.Everyone knows that, but self-absorbed we are, we pretend to care but do nothi ...

Political Ideologies in Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Ideologies in Conflict - Essay Example Socialism’s key theme is based on the community’s power, instead of individual effort (Alesina & Rodrik 465). On the other hand, equality denotes the creation of a society that is fairer and everyone is a participant and is accorded an opportunity to realize their potential. Equality aims at getting rid of discrimination and prejudice so as to offer fair, diverse and personal services to the society (Alesina & Rodrik 471). It aims at eliminating discrimination based on gender, age, religion, race and ethnicity. Ideology entails a set of ideas reflecting a nation’s, people’s or society’s beliefs. This paper will discuss the role of equality in socialist ideology. Socialism and equality are inseparable. Early socialism (also known as Utopian socialism) criticized the capitalist society, condemning it and pushing for its destruction (Nozick 16). It struggled to make the rich realize the immorality caused by exploitation. The desire for a new system and order contained the emergent factors of socialist ideas and represented the reaction of the working masses’ wishes of emancipation and, concurrently, their political and ideological powerlessness. Over many years, socialist ideologists tried to authenticate the ideal of a fair society with no exploitation and class oppression (Giacomo & Gruner 90). They advocated for equality. In socialism, equality is addressed in four forms; economic, foundational, formal and equality of opportunity (Blanchflower & Freeman 439). Foundational equality addresses the fact that God created all people as equal human beings. This is further explained to clarify that not all have the same abilities and talents , rather, because of the common humanity, their moral worth is equal (Alesina & Rodrik 479). Formal equality addresses the aspect of citizens and the law. It provides that State institutions are obliged to accord its citizens equal treatment, and that the institutions should themselves remain subject to the law as a way of defence against possible dictatorship of the State. Equality of opportunity fights discrimination in education, employment, housing or social services because of race, colour or sex (Giacomo & Gruner 84). Finally, economic equality intends to eliminate disproportions in the distribution of wealth, income disparities, and the gap between the poor and the rich (Blanchflower & Freeman 440). Socialists view social inequality as a disproportion of economic advantages within a society (Giacomo & Gruner 86). They believe humans must be accorded equal opportunity to prosper in the society. However, humans are not treated equally in all senses. To this end, socialists decl are inequality an evil that should be eliminated. In particular, wealth inequality is so evil among socialists that it justifies the forceful repossession from those who have it in abundance for fairer redistribution to the poor (Blanchflower & Freeman 446). Socialism is outstanding for its sustenance for social equality. Parliamentary socialists approved equality of opportunity as a substitute to equality of outcome because it signifies an unassuming level of outcome through the redeployment of wealth (Alesina & Rodrik 481). They base their support for equality on several factors. They argue that it is a more significant variety of equality than equal opportunities or formal

How the globalization of industry has led to the deterioration of the Essay

How the globalization of industry has led to the deterioration of the position of women in Third World countries - Essay Example The fact that these percentages are indicative of the importance of women for the increase of performance of firms in Third World countries does not seem to have been taken into consideration by legislators in these countries – the same assumption can be made regarding the behaviour of the members of International Organizations that have the obligation to examine the respect of rights of women and children globally. In accordance with the study of Nanda (2000, 25) ‘literate but unskilled—and largely female—labor has thus far fuelled the tremendous increase in manufactured exports of garments and micro electronic products from the Third World to the industrially-advanced economies of the North’. In the above study, it is made clear that women have a critical role in the development of industrial activities in most countries around the world – not only in these belonging in the so-called Third World. From another point of view, this study could lead to the assumption that in the future women in those countries would need to be appropriately trained in order to meet the demands of market globally (development of technology used in all industrial sites, improvement of communication among employees and managers, increase of daily performance and so on). The above projects – if attempted - could meet a series of obstacles; more specifically, as it is noticed al so by Nanda (2000) – women in firms in Third World countries are likely to be non-skilled - at an extremely high percentage.

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men Research Paper

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men - Research Paper Example Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men The problem of prejudice and the difficulty faced by the jurors in decision making process is still an unresolved problem in the global context. In the beginning, most of the jurors were against the culprit. In the end, all the jurors came to know that their decision is based upon their personal opinions on the immigrant population. My personal opinion/reflection on the film 12 Angry Men is divided into three sections: prejudice, racial supremacy, and misuse of law. Prejudice I am of the opinion that the director made use of the protagonist (the immigrant boy, probably from Puerto Rican Island) to unmask the depth of prejudice against immigrants in America. I believe that prejudice based upon racial and cultural identity is an important problem faced by a member who belongs to an immigrant community. If we are not from an immigrant community, there exists less possibility to have deeper understanding on this problem. Within this context, the director makes use of the protagonist as a medium to express his opinion on the problem faced by immigrants. In the beginning of the film, the jury, which consists of 12 members, does not show any particular interest in the emotional trauma faced by the boy. Biskind (2001) made clear that, â€Å"In the view of the strong case against the defendant, it is not too surprising that the jury’s first straw vote comes out 11 to 1 for conviction† (p.11). ... So, in my opinion, the film portrays how prejudice affects the smooth functioning of law and order in a modern society. Racial superiority I think racial superiority is a myth based upon false opinion, not upon fact. The elite class in the society considers that their status in the society is indebted to their racial identity. But one cannot prove that racial identity determines one’s superiority over others. So, I am totally against racial superiority. One of the factors which attracted me towards this film is the director’s attempt to expose that racial superiority is a myth. In the film, the boy is the victim of racial superiority/racial supremacy. For instance, most of the members of the jury are white middle class men. Still, all the members are from different layers of the society. Most of them do not try to allow the boy to prove his innocence. On the other side, juror 8, an architect by profession, is not ready to act against the boy. Later, some of the jurors l ike Juror 5 and Juror 11 decide to change their opinion. Still, Juror 3’s wavering nature hinders the jury members to have a unanimous decision. In the film, most of the jury members are not aware of their role in decision making process because they act according to the false beliefs in the society. One can see that most of the jury members are middle aged and their personal opinions on the immigrants deeply influence their decisions. So, the film helped me to know more about the problem of prejudice based upon racial superiority. Misuse of law I consider this film as an eye-opener to those who believe that death penalty can reduce crime in the society. On the other side, law is misused to victimize innocent individuals who are not

Problem Oriented Policing Pros and Cons

Problem Oriented Policing Pros and Cons Problem Oriented Policing What, exactly, is problem oriented policing? Critically discuss its potential benefits. Policing in the UK and many other countries play an extremely vital part in helping to reduce different forms of crime. The police have a major impact on what becomes defined as a crime, which offences are prioritized, and which sections of the community are portrayed as ‘dangerous’ or ‘troublesome’. (Waddington, 2000:156). There are a number of different approaches to reducing crime; however my main focus throughout this essay will be on problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing has its advantages as well as disadvantages in preventing crime. In this essay I will discuss whether problem oriented policing has potential benefits in order to prevent crime in society. Police in the UK today is seen as a civil service that helps to solve and tackle the problem of crime. The police are faced with many problems everyday and do their best to deal with it within the restrictions of law, there are a number of different policing strategies used to tackle and prevent the problem of crime. Policing is a social institution which involves maintenance, peacekeeping, crime investigation, prevention and the rule of law enforcement which involves having a certain amount of power to serve their purpose (Jones and Newburn, 1998). To understand the current situation of policing it is essential to look at the background and history how crime was reduced in the past and what changes have been made in order to help reduce and prevent crime today. Although policing has some core features globally (Bayley, 1985; Mawby, 1999; Waddington, 1999a: 3-4), the exact forms that it takes vary widely, even within particular localities. Modern British policing, for example, with its ‘omnibus role’ incorporating ‘crime prevention, detection, peacekeeping, public order maintenance and the preservation of state security (Reiner, 1994a:755) emerges from several very different historical strands. The occupation of patrolling to prevent crime and apprehend offenders emerged from the functions of the medieval constable and watchmen, while ‘riot control’ emerged from the role of military in suppressing disorderly crowds (Rawlings, 2002; Vogler, 1991). These differing traditions, and the ideologies and practices they have given rise to, represent continual tensions in policing. Crime in the past was not as a great deal as it is in today’s society. There have been a lot of social changes as a result the way in which the state was controlled differed as there weren’t a lot of opportunities to commit crimes in the past. In today’s society, there are many different forms of policing as there are a number of different offences that need to be dealt with in a diverse way. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel established one of the well recognized policing systems which were the Metropolitan police. People hoped that the political system would improve aspects of society because in the 19th century, crime rates were increasing and the home office and government needed to act quickly upon this problem or things would get worse. Also there is a criticism of the role of policing as it is only concerned with crime and the enforcement of law which has restrictions and limits only to a certain extent to prevent crime (Goldstein, 1979). Goldstein argued that a new strategy needed to be developed as most crimes are in the same place and committed by the same individuals. Developing new strategies for preventing crime came about because of social, cultural, economic changes and growth of the state over the years. The criminal justice system as an approach on its own didn’t seem to have a great deal of an effect in controlling crime as it was made up of prosecuting, sentencing and punishing those who had offended. As a result when addressing the problem of crime, it was seen as a suitable way to use an additional approach alongside the criminal justice system which in this case is problem oriented policing (POP). In the 1980’s a new idea was introduced to the police in order to reinforce primary crime prevention. ‘This idea was called problem-oriented policing (POP), which was developed in America by Herman Goldstein’ (Goldstein, 1979; 1990) it’s purpose was to seek the main route of the crime and analyse it in order to understand why the crime had happened. POP became a success in the UK and North America. (Pease, 1997). It involves rank and file officers becoming pro-active in solving root causes of reoccurring problems in relation to the type of offender, localities and victims (Tilley, 1996). Problem oriented policing is a type of pro-active policing strategy and has become increasingly influential in the UK and addresses problems systematically in an ongoing process. The development of POP was based on perception that demands placed upon the police service meant that key issues of community to the community were often neglected (Tiley, 2003:318) ‘thus the active involvement of the community and external agencies is often vital to the identification of problems and the development of strategies to solve them’ (Leigh, Reid and Tilley, 1996:5). Crime prevention in Britain has constantly been seen as being the duty of the police. The British crime survey in 1982 showed that crime was four times higher than police had recorded it. (Walklate, 1996.) And more recently Barclay, (1995) found that only 3% of government expenditure on crime and criminal justice matters was spent on crime prevention. (Pease, 1997.) This showed that that the police alone could not combat such a level of crime. The basic premise of POP ‘is that the core of policing should be to deal effectively with underlying police-recurrent problems rather than simply to react to incidents calling for attention one by one as they occur’ (Bullock and Tilley, 2003:1). ‘This approach places the application of scientific methods at the heart of policing’ (Ekbolm, 2002; Bullock and Tilley, 2003: 5-6; John and Maguire, 2003:38) and involves: ‘identifying and analysing recurrent problems’ ‘interrogating their underlying sources’ ‘finding some points of intervention that will block caused and risk factors’ ‘Implementing the initiatives that have been devised’, ‘evaluating the success of initiatives put forward to respond to identified problems.’ An example of this would be in Clarke and Goldstein, 2002, which was a study done on a construction site that concerned theft. The crime was understood to be easy access to valuable products being available where the site was poorly safeguarded. With police assessment and knowledge of the problem, the construction site followed guidelines and some procedures where the police monitored compliance in order for it to be tracked. The results showed that the reaction the police got was successful as the analysis focused on understanding the circumstances that caused the problem to occur in the first place. In this sense it could be seen as a successful way to help prevent crime as no power was used, no arrests were made and it solved the problem quickly and effectively saving the police and company time and money. This is a successful way to monitor how different companies can protect themselves by doing a straightforward task such as getting appropriate equipment to guard property such as alarms, and then offenders will think twice before wanting to carry out a crime if the opportunity is not there. Problem oriented policing also engages in problem analysis triangle (PAT) and scanning, analysis, response and assessment (SARA). In a two year research project conducted in Leicestershire, there was training based on PAT and SARA which provided officers with knowledge of what the job involves. This was an experiment which involved tackling specific problems. The research project makes use of the strategies by identifying a problem, using knowledge and data to look further into the problems and causes of crime. It also teaches officers how to respond in an effective way by working with the community to assess if the solutions worked and what has been learnt. Problem oriented policing has gone further by being introduced in Thames Valley policing in 1997, Merseyside and other police forces. This shows that the approach used is a wide geographical spread, long term prevention program that is successful in tackling the underlying causes of problems. This project builds an idea how it would be successful to deal with problems and help prevent crime by working together and finding a solution that will prevent problems. It also shows how PAT and SARA is used to prevent crime and solving community problems. Problem oriented policing is therefore examining patterns of crime to identify and prevent underlying problems within the community. Oriented policing has shown to of had a great impact on the United States and is becoming more influential in the UK. The government and home office have implemented and introduced several different laws and agencies to help reduce crime. However, it is open to discussion to say what it is regarding problem oriented policing that has made it more significant in the UK and does it work? There are many merits as well as drawbacks to the benefits of problem orientated policing. There are a number of benefits of problem oriented policing, these include: ‘Decentralisation, POP attempts to move the focus of police decision making away from managers and towards front-line officers who are in a better position to understand the causes and possible solutions for problems’( John and Maguire,2003:65). It has been argued that ‘officers must know the underlying issues locally, be in contact with the community, have information to help understand the nature of the problems that generate clusters of incident, be supported by senior offices in attempting to solve problems imaginatively and tailor problem-solving to emerging local issues’ (Jordan, 1998:73). This should enable police resources to become more directly related to community needs. ‘Enhances the status of neighbourhood officers, POP envisages a significant role for local police officers whose status in the police service are likely to rise’ (Blair, 2005). ‘A shift away from law enforcement, POP involves activities to solve crime-related issues which are undertaken by agencies other than the police and by local communities’ an example of this is the burglary reduction initiative on a large housing estate in Stockport. (Bratby, 1999: 28-9). ‘Emphasises the importance of intelligence to police work, POP places considerable emphasis on the gathering and analysis of intelligence as the basis of society’s response to crime. The emphasis is on eliminating problems in the future as opposed to reacting to past incidents’ (Joyce, 2006:130). However a drawback of this point is it could be argued that the scanning and analysis of the data collected may not be accurate as it is community biased so is the data collected true and who is benefiting from the work carried out. It could be looked at in a sense that the community need to help themselves address issues as well as with the help of the police. For example when addressing the trouble of gang activities, the community need to get involved by disciplining their children and if gangs are making a nuisance of themselves then the community need to tackle this problem together. Even though there is optimistic perspectives in the benefits of problem oriented policing. Problem oriented policing has changed the work of some police forces so it makes it easier to refer to other cases and they have knowledge of what is going on. Officers will find it easier to respond to problems and know what they are dealing with so that the main cause of the problem is solved, reducing the risk of it happening again. It is obvious to state that the police must work with the community to know what issues must be addressed, however, how much are people in the community willing to participate. It has been seen that progress in applying a problem-oriented approach to policing was patchy (HMIC, 1998) and many were identified as being a long way off from implementing it fully (HMIC, 2000). The reason for the relatively slow progress includes: ‘The need to respond to incidents, much police work is demand led, having to respond to calls for help made by members of the general public’, ‘Complexity, considerable social skills are required in connection with problem identification, the analysis of their causes and the evaluation of the strategies to respond to these issues. These skills are not readily found within the police service, these activities are time consuming’. (Goldsteing, 2003; Matassa and Newburn, 2003:213). It has been argued that ‘POP is interpreted and implemented in too many ways to permit any firm conclusion’ (Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003:244) it has been further argued that the assessment of outcomes in monetary terms is insufficiently developed to be able to assess whether POP is cost effective Stockdale and Whitehead, 2003:249). It can also be argued that problem oriented policing deals with minor incidents such as theft and ignores other major problems. By focusing on such a minor problem is not going to be benefiting the community as there are other crimes that need to be addressed and the police will sooner or later deal with the problem by enforcement. A small amount of attention is paid to the oriented policing approach in dealing with problems it is likely that with policing they tend to naturally think enforcement. Oriented policing is interpreted and implemented in a number of ways; it is difficult to implement it. Also officers may not take the approach seriously due to the hassle of paperwork and following that procedure sometimes does not fit in with the police forces routine so there is the drawback of the approach not being used. Culture is another drawback within the police force as most officers have the principle that crime can only be solved if actual force is used. If officers are following this belief then no problems will get solved because the origin cause will not be solved, offenders will keep committing the same offence and officers will take action by using enforcement. It is clear to see that problem oriented policing has its drawbacks but this is the situation with most crime prevention strategies. Every strategy that has been implemented will always have its pros and cons. Research shows that this approach would work if it was encouraged more and used more effectively within the day to day routine of the officers. The police forces find it straightforward and easy to use enforcement. Other strategies involved in reducing crime, such as intelligent led policing and community policing. They work in a different way compared to problem oriented policing. Even though these three models are pro-active strategies there job roles cannot be correlated to work collectively as they have different means and different functions. The proactive approach has an impact on crime reduction as it produces a compelling solution and reduces the underlying causes of crime without being too reactive. There are a number of factors that make up problem oriented policing and it has a lot of benefits. The benefits of problem oriented policing are clear to see that it involves a better served public, convenient demands on the police because underlying problems are solved such as reducing replicate emergency calls and officers with greater job satisfaction from being successful in meeting the communities objectives. Overall it seems that Goldstein’s approach was not successfully used as it was planned. The main reason being the police force are involved in tackling the cause of problems but there is no time for it as police forces are so complex. The objectives of policing are set nationwide and there are no serious circumstances of implementing problem oriented policing, I have outlined many advantages and disadvantages to this approach throughout this essay, and it seems to show that the benefits are lower than the disadvantages of this approach for this approach many things do need to change also other agencies need to be involved as it cannot solely be up to just the police force to battle the problem of crime. On the whole, problem oriented policing has its implications but it has delivered some benefits and the approach is still undertaken today so to a degree it is beneficial to the community in some way. Referencing list Goldstein, H. (1990) Problem-Oriented Policing, New York: McGraw-Hill Joyce, P. (2006) Criminal Justice, An Introduction To Crime and The Criminal Justice System. Chapter 3 (page119) Policing: methods, structure and organisation Lecture 7 Handout, Proactive/Problem Oriented/Zero-Tolerance Policing Maguire Mike, Morgan Rod and Reiner Robert, 2002, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, chapter 26, Crime Reduction. Newburn, T. (2003) Handbook of Policing, Cullompton: Willan Tilley, N. (2005) Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Cullompton: Willan Walklate, S. (Ed. By McLaughlin Muncie) (1996) Controlling Crime. London: Sage.

Anthropologie du Bo (Théorie et Pratique du gris-gris) :: French Essays

Anthropologie du Bo (Thà ©orie et Pratique du gris-gris) ABSTRACT: Subjective knowledge should not be separated from anthropology. But, unfortunately, this is the prevailing practice. The anthropology of Bo expresses the presence of Africa in anthropology. The authenticity of the African is found in his fervent practice of Bo. His thought, action, relations with others-his entire way of life-is based on the practice of Bo insofar as he wears Bo names. Bo is deeply rooted in his cultural values and comprises the background for all social organizations and thus acts as a social regulator. In Western anthropology there is a scientific mind; in African anthropology there is a Bo mentality that attempts to understand the world and then conquer it. Problà ©matique Le premier devoir de l'homme selon Socrate, est de se connaà ®tre soi-mà ªme. De philosophique cette connaissance est devenue anthropologique de nos jours. L'anthropologie est une science qui tend à   l'exclusion des autres, des autres hommes, des autres socià ©tà ©s, des autres cultures. L'homme qu'elle connaà ®t n'est pas un à ªtre abstrait, mais un homme concret, de tel continent, de telle race, de tel pays, de telle culture. C'est par exemple l'africain en gà ©nà ©ral ou le bà ©ninois en particulier. Ainsi nous allons au cours de ce vingtià ¨me (XXà ¨me) Congrà ¨s Mondial de Philosphie, rà ©flà ©chir sur l'homme en nous appuyant sur sa pratique du Bo (concept fon traduit en franà §ais par gris-gris). Dans l'Homme et l'adaptation au milieu, Renà © DUBOS à ©crit à   la page : "On a gà ©nà ©ralement tendance à   considà ©rer que les actività ©s scientifiques (recherches, etc...) sont à   mettre à   part de l'ensemble des manifestations de la vie humaine, et mà ªme qu'elles sont au-dessus ; cette tendance est dangeureuse pour l'humanità © ; elles risque mà ªme de freiner le progrà ¨s scientifique. En fait, vu les rapports à ©troits qui existent entre l'entreprise scientifique et la totalità © de la vie sociale, il est probable que la poursuite de la science ne sera possible que si les savants parviennent à   rattacher leur curiosità © professionnelle aux intà ©rà ªts et aux aspirations de l'humanità © en gà ©nà ©ral... Le choix des priorità ©s ne pourra plus se faire uniquement selon les crità ¨res de prà ©fà ©rence presonnelle ; de plus en plus il sera fonction des exigences de la socià ©tà ©. La science est comparable à   un organisme qui ne peut survi vre qu'en s'adaptant à   l'à ©volution de la socià ©tà © au sein de laquelle elle fonctionne". Cette longue citation de l'anthropologue amà ©ricain à ©claire d'une lumià ¨re vive nos prà ©occupations dans le choix de notre sujet "ANTHROPOLOGIE DU BO" (thà ©orie et pratique du gris-gris).

The implementation phase

The execution stage involves the practical attack to a system. The construct which we have proposed is to be converted into the feasible signifier. This is the stage which is to the full dependent on the design stage. What we have designed is to be written, compiled and tested. Thus it is a stage which translates the design into the codification that really performs the undertaking. It may take several loops of the theoretical account to bring forth a on the job plan. Implementation besides affects the testing and care of the developed system. As plans get more complicated, proving and debugging entirely may non be plenty to bring forth dependable codification. Alternatively, it is required to compose plans in a mode that will guarantee that mistakes are caught or avoided. Implementation includes user presentment, user preparation, installing of hardware, installing of package onto production computing machines, and integrating of the system into day-to-day work processes. This stage continues until the system is runing in production in conformity with the defined user demands. As described earlier the tool used is MATLAB so the designing signifier is really easy. The separate codification has been written for the happening the sentence similarity step and sentence bunch methods. In this chapter the construction of execution is described along with the assorted files which are involved in the execution of the undertaking. Figure 5.1 Summarization of Work The figure shows the that the anticipation will execute on the user petition so that the prefetched petition will direct as the answer.Implementation StairssHere merely specify some stairss which was necessary at clip of execution. The work is implemented in a individual MATLAB file. In this work there is demand of a web log fileGenerate web log file:In this work at that place was a little web site implemented in php in order to bring forth web log has used. After running this web site web has generate on web waiter.Log Pre-Processing-Along with that of import information there is besides some inconsistent informations like noise, void value and other mistake information which is non so of import for web personalization so in order better web excavation consequence its demand to polish web log file before excavation. Data cleansing, user and session designation, informations integrating and so on are chief of import portion of log pre processing.Datas Cleaning: –In proposed me thodological analysis informations cleaning procedure usage to recognized utile item and take unwanted and excess noise and shop in informations base after standardization.User & A ; Session designation: – User and session designation is really of import measure towards web personalization by and large IP reference is used to separate but when there is an proxy waiter so figure of user holding same IP reference so some more attribute like browses information, runing system and Refer URI field is used as per concern.F-P tree for frequent page coevals: – Proposed algorithms used F-P growing [ 4 ] construct to bring forth frequent web page. F-P growing algorithms usage to bring forth frequent point set without demand to bring forthing candidate point set so it is really clip efficient to utilize F-P growing.Assignment of comparative weight-Proposed algorithms usage Weight regulation construct to delegate comparative weight to each page with regard to each other page. This comparative weight is use to stand for chance of page P petition merely after page Q.Weighted Markov matrix: – proposed algorithms usage M*M two dimensional tabular array to hive away comparative weight. M is entire figure of alone dealing /page that had be identify in above measure. for illustration comparative weight of P wrt Q is store at qth row and pth column so at clip pre bringing if q page is called so at qth row the page holding highest comparative weight is to be pre fetched with page Q.ConsequencesIn this subdivision we attached the assorted screen shootings in order to demo the end products of the proposed work. As we discussed about the environment of execution these end products are generated by the MATLAB. Figure 5.1 is the first measure of our executing. This window has some option in order to pull out the coveted consequence. This GUI window generate with the executing of the codification. For this we have to run the MATLAB file from the bid window of MATLAB of merely snaping right of our mouse and choose the option of tally. Figure 5.1 Startup Window This window generated by put to deathing the.m file of codification which shows that this is a MATLAB file. Figure 5.2 shows the working of â€Å"Load Log File† button. This is besides a welcome window of the execution. Figure 5.2 First measure to run the codification When we click on the button â€Å"Load Log File† so our log file will lade in informations base. After lading the log file at that place will a message box appears as a welcome message every bit good as to conformed that information base has successfully loaded of the provided log file. Here pages which have the highest frequence of call will demo in â€Å"selected pages† . In this figure we can see the five pages. It means all users call these five pages largely. Now, get down the executation by snaping on the â€Å"Start† button. When we start the executation some other option will enable. First one is shown in this figure. Figure 5.3 Choice of Page After lading the log file first option â€Å"Select the naming page† will demo the list of all web pages avalabel in the log file. We need to choose the page for which Pre-fetching needed. Figure 5.3 shows the list of available pages. This is a run clip option which is enalbe after the snaping the start button for executing. These consequences can be change on the footing of user petition. These user petitions will alter the log file and there will be the possibility to alter the consequence of Pre-fetching the pages. Finally when we get these consequences as pages these pages will direct to the client side.GraphThis graph shows the clip complexness of the assorted methods. It seems to us that the proposed method is more accurate than the other. Figure 5.4 Graph for clip complexness In this graph we have compare the clip complexness of assorted methods in order to prefetch the right page. As shows in graph there are many techniques have done this work in old clip. In footings of infinite we need big infinite so that it is non infinite efficient. This graph shows the infinite complexness of the old methods and the proposed method. Here proposed method has high infinite complexness. Figure 5.5 Graph to Show Space Complexity We need big size of infinite due to utilize of immense informations base. It besides need big infinite for high figure of regulations used for pre-fetching the page.ComplexityTime Complexity-Proposed methodological analysis for taking determination refering pre-fetch page holding extra overhead clip needed to measuring the petition from any client. Existing Systolic tree construct uses systolic Tree to hive away comparative weight and clip taken for taking determination about pre-fetch page is O ( Log N ) where N is height of tree, whereas proposed technique uses 2D tabular array that take O ( 1 ) for pre-fetching individual page as shown in figure 5.4. The Table 5.1 gives the elaborate clip analysis between proposed technique, weighted regulation theoretical account and Markov Model. Table 5.1: Time Comparison Space Complexity– In footings of infinite proposed methodological analysis is moderate because it needs big infinite as compared to weighted tree methodological analysis but much lesser than field Markov theoretical account. Figure 5.5 shows the infinite complexness proposed technique, Weighted regulation and Markov theoretical account. Here the graph shows that the infinite complexness of proposed method is much lesser than markov theoretical account but small spot more than leaden tree Concept theoretical account. Table 5.2: Space Comparison Chapter 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKDecisionThere are big figure of web application has been used for the assorted intent. These applications should be good at its response clip. Therefore the web caching and web Pre-fetching are the attacks which can be applicable for the heightening the response clip of a web application. This paper is a appraisal on these attacks. These constructs come under the web excavation so here we besides covered the web excavation. This paper besides throws some visible radiation on the old work as in the related work. In related work we found that the web Pre-fetching can use on any web application. This attack can use with assorted schemes. In the current research a new method is proposed utilizing FP growing Tree and Markov Model. The proposed method is applied along with comparative weight construct for pre-fetching. The consequence analysis shows that proposed method utilizing FP Growth tree and Markov theoretical account have moderate clip and infinite complexness as comparison to old one. This method is besides best suited for pre-fetch the page of a web site as shown in the consequence.FUTURE WORKThe thesis work is a solution in order to pre-fetch the web page every bit fast as possible. It is necessary to heighten the public presentation of the web waiter and supply the fast service to the clients. The proposed work is besides a measure to get the better of this job. The proposed theoretical account used two techniques to work out the above job in efficient mode. Consequences shows that proposed methodological analysis have high degree of infinite complexness. Graphs besides shows that regulation used in proposed method are small bit more than old techniques. The way for future work is to minimise the infinite complexness of this proposed technique. It is besides possible to cut down the regulations which can assist to get the better of the infinite complexness.

Book Awards Open to Self-Published Books

Book Awards Open to Self-Published Books Book awards have made great strides in broadening eligibility rules to allow authors to submit self-published books. When I first began collecting information about awards for published books, many of them only accepted submissions and nominations from publishers themselves. This has changed. The following is a list of some of the many book awards that are open to self-published authors. Some of the awards are limited to authors writing in specific genres, while others have a regional focus. North Street Book Prize http://winningwriters.com/our-contests Winning Writers recently announced it is sponsoring the North Street Book Prize, aimed at recognizing outstanding self-published books. Categories for this first year are Mainstream/Literary Fiction, Genre Fiction, and Creative Nonfiction. The cost is $50.00 per entry, and the winner in each category will receive $1,500 plus a variety of marketing services. Two honorable mentions in each category will receive $250. All contestants receive a selection of helpful guides for publishing and promotion. The Foreword Reviews INDIEFAB Book of the Year Awards https://indiefab.forewordreviews.com Accepts self-published books in more than 60 categories/genres, including Fantasy, Humor, Travel, Juvenile Fiction, Picture Books, and True Crime. The early-bird entry fee is $79, plus two copies of the book, for each category in which the book is entered. The top three winners in each category receive publicity and can order stickers to put on their books. Monetary awards are given to one best â€Å"fiction† and one best â€Å"nonfiction† book. The Eric Hoffer Award for Independent Books hofferaward.com Offers awards in several writing categories, including Poetry, General Fiction, E-book Fiction, and E-book Nonfiction, as well as categories Debut-litzer Prizes http://latenightlibrary.org The literary non-profit organization Late-Night Library sponsors the Debut-litzer Prizes for a first work of fiction or poetry. Submissions are accepted from authors or publishers, and self-published works are eligible, provided the work is the â€Å"first† in the genre Thorpe Menn Literary Excellence Award http://kansascity-mo.aauw.net/events/thorpe-menn-literary-award/ Presented American Book Awards beforecolumbusfoundation.com/american-book-awards/ The Before Columbus Foundation sponsors the American Book Awards, which has no restrictions on self-published books. It is open to anyone, and there are no categories; awardees are selected solely based on literary excellence. The cost to enter is two copies of the book. While there is no monetary prize, award winners are formally recognized at a ceremony, and are given publicity through the Before Columbus Foundation website. Other awards include the Minnesota Book Awards (http://thefriends.org/events/mnba/nominations-applications/book-award-nomination/), the Brockman-Campbell Book Award (ncpoetrysociety.org/bcaward/), the Lambda Literary Awards (lambdaliterary.org/award-guidelines/), and the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award (hurstonwright.org). Although these do not have restrictions on self-published books, other eligibility requirements may apply. Please refer to award websites for complete and updated information, as well as details on entry deadlines.

Janis essays

Janis essays One of the most colorful music legends of the 1960s was Janis Joplin. Blues legend Janis Lyn Joplin was born on January 19th 1943, the eldest child of parents Seth and Dorothy Joplin. Janis was born and raised in the small Southern petroleum industry town of Port Arthur, Texas. Her father was a canning factory worker, her mother a registrar at a local business college. Her non-aberrational upbringing coupled with the atmosphere of Port Arthur at the time; generally restrictive, intolerant, and unnurturing must've made even Janis' early childhood difficult. By all accounts, however, Janis seems to have been a "normal" and happy child, who fitted society's usual definition of "pretty". It was in Janis' adolescence that the hang-ups and hassles that were to affect the path of the rest of her life. In a sense, her rigid upbringing played a large part in making Janis who she was. This would never have been admitted at the time, but, predictably, the "Port Arthur" ethic created a fire insi de Janis and kept it burning until her death. Janis' troubles began, when she was a teenager with her "good looks" gradually began to disintegrate, her soft blonde hair turned into an unruly brown mane. She also developed severe acne, which would scar her mentally as well as physically. Hence, Janis became something of a loner, as was named the ugly girl. She soon began avoiding mirrors, and her anxiety about her looks was made worse by the constant taunts by peers, who rejected her and often made fun of her. When Janis found that society had rejected her, she rejected it. Janis grew up on classical music and country music back in Texas, discovered the blues in Louisiana. Janis was soon inspired to both learn and appreciate music, and its roots were her idols included Odettea, Leadbelly and Bessie Smith, who would have great influence on her subsequent musical career, especially her vocal style. By the time Janis graduated from Thomas Jefferson High...

Basic Rhetorical Analysis (Technical Communication) Essay

Basic Rhetorical Analysis (Technical Communication) - Essay Example It is designed to provide as information to companies or employees who are creating a protection office first-aid system. While it cannot particularly indicate the objectives and lifestyle of a particular market or companies, it shows the overall goal of defending the safe practice of employees and the surroundings both through the Work-related Protection and Wellness Management (OSHA) as well as common market. The information is created through OSHA but was designed collaboratively through similar companies such as the Nationwide Protection Authorities or the United States Nationwide Requirements Institution to get to know the needs for system growth, etc. Lastly, the OSHA information uses appropriate design to increase legibility yet includes few graphics/ style due to the level of the content where it provides totally to help the visitors fix problems. HELPS THE TARGETED READERS WITH THEIR PROBLEMS: OSHA's details are ideal for United States companies looking to apply a first-aid system for their business. The details identify its viewers in the preface to the headline page and in the Release and Purpose area. The details do a very good job of dealing with the features of an office first-aid program to visitors who have the power within their company to apply and handle such a program: the companies. For example, the Release declares the components of an office first-aid program such as evaluating threats, developing and applying a first-aid system, training workers on factors of the system, and system assessment and servicing. A company may use these details to fix various situational issues. The details might be used to ensure office conformity with the government OSHA Act of 1970. This might mean beginning a first-aid program from the beginning or reassessing the framework of a present system. A company might turn to the guide in reaction to a threat or damage, or to be ready and ready with the resources for avoidance. Perhaps a company is under lawful st ress to enhance the organization's system. Alternatively, an employer might want to enhance the organization's first-aid system as a motivation to hire and maintain employees. This detail is ready with extensive details companies need to fix any of these issues. For example, the details provide sources to types, reviews, and places of nationwide information to help an employer evaluate chance of office threat or damage. It goes on to recommend acquiring reviews of EMS, fire and save reaction times to plan a first-aid system designed to the office atmosphere. The guide also provides described details on other OSHA services along with URLs and contact information. Including these components allows the company explains his/her knowing by offering more detail on a topic. Some subjects, however, seem to try to protect too much details, making the content wide and unexplained. The Components of a First Aid System subject gives long details of bulleted factors. These factors cover a wide v ariety of information, but could keep people feeling confused about including every idea into his/her organization's first aid program. REFLECTION OF OSHA’S CULTURE AND AIMS The purpose of the details is to suggest Mixed declares organizations on ways to create and sustain a proper and balanced and safe workplace. OSHA's business purpose is

Crime Seriousness and Prior Criminal Record Dissertation

Crime Seriousness and Prior Criminal Record - Dissertation Example As the discussion declares there is a positive correlation between a person’s prior criminal record and the chances that firstly, such a person is more likely to commit an offence in the future, and secondly, that there is a greater probability of such offences resulting in imprisonment. Moreover, as a result of mandatory sentencing policies, repeat offenders are now far more likely to face imprisonment. A prior record sets into motion totally different responses amongst law enforces, with the suspect considered ‘guilty until proved innocent’, rather than the other way around which is the basis of modern jurisprudence. However, this ground reality has resulted in two developments that go contrary to conventional logic. This paper stresses that though crime rates have declined, prison populations have actually increased, which questions the very basic premise that the threat of getting caught and imprisoned actually deters crime. In fact, the prison population is likely to grow in coming years. A study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics revealed that the 1994 prison population would rise by 51% by the year 2000. This is a direct result of taking into account a person’s prior criminal record, however minor and irrespective of the relevance of previous offences to the new charge. The other aspect is the increasing numbers of African Americans in particular that constitute the prison population. This is in spite of the fact that several positive changes in society such as the civil rights movement and enhanced educational and employment opportunities.

Market Strategy of Blue Cross Blue Shield Assignment

Market Strategy of Blue Cross Blue Shield - Assignment Example Conducive research indicates that even during the financial crisis of 2008, the organization has been stellar because of their high customer equity and premiums. Healthcare is one the elements that were always solid. Looking at the financial statements, the company made annual sales of $75.7 million. This allowed the company to leverage itself in the industry.   One of the major strengths of the organization is its ability to have a strong customer base supported by its technological infrastructure. The infrastructure is heavily supported by its business model and understanding how technology can serve its needs. However, the key benefit that the Blue Cross achieved was the fact that it allowed its customers to the accessibility of information without much delay. In an industry where information is vital, this organization was able to accommodate the needs of their growing customers as well as provide information that was compliant with HIPAA and ACA.   One of the major strengths, as mentioned before, was the fact that it had a strong customer and revenue base. The premiums that were being derived from the organization truly harnessed growth and allowed the company to get a strong threshold as a company.   One of the major challenges of the company was to expand its private and public cloud with compliance. It was evident that the risk management involved in the insurance business is a huge focal point.   Blue Cross had a huge dilemma of expanding their IT infrastructure boundaries by maintaining old records and creating space for new customers. Furthermore, the company’s auditing team was able to ensure the legitimacy of network passwords within their own IT infrastructure. When it comes to cloud computing, many flavors are present.

Types of Soil Essay Example for Free

Types of Soil Essay This is how one sixth-grader describes the way of playing video games. Such video games can seem like harmless fun, but what if the violence gets personal and addicts young teenagers, affecting their behavior and their view of reality? Some studies have shown that violent game players just do not leave it there on their game screens; they transfer the violent acts they get attached to, to the real world. Violent games have been shown to increase game player’s quest to experiment how all that stuff will look like in the real world. There is no doubt that violent video games have no effect on certain people, but for the most and especially in teenagers, the effects are negative and have led to fatalities and destruction of properties in certain instances. Although some parents claim that violence video games have bad effects on teenagers because they’re behavior changes, teenagers play too much violent games because they are very addicting. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers. But most video- game players have normal lives. Most important, just because a player does not instantly take or follow violence found in video games does not mean the games will not have negative result on that player’s views and behavior. The violent games will have negative effects on teenagers. Young teenager’s behavior will have a big change. Because of this case, parents should be responsible for buying video games and should forbid young teenagers from buying those games that are violent. If parents do not take the responsibility than teenagers do not know what they are doing and what is good for them. Before teenagers take a big wrong step, parents should be there to take care of the situation. I have a little nephew in seventh grade and he loves violence video games. He loves playing call of duty. My aunt always gives him the money to buy any game that he likes. He loves the smell of money. She never checks to see what game he might have bought. Because of her not being responsible, my little cousin always gets into school fights with other children. So every parent must be responsible for their own child. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers because a number of people claim that playing a violent video game does present a bad threat to user’s health. For an example, I have a younger brother who is seventeen years old. He loves playing violent video games. Every day, when he is home from school with his spiky brown hair, he starts playing the WrestleMania game. He does not eat anything and he talks to himself while playing the game. He does not realize that his behavior is changing by playing violent video games. One time, he tried to kick me in my stomach but a police man saw him and told him to stop. My parents made him quit playing violent video-games. Ever since he stopped playing violent video games his behavior has changed a lot. He now realizes he was out of control and it is all because of the violent video games. He sold his Xbox to one of his close friends. I am glad my parents took good care of it because it is their responsibility to look after their son. Some parents say that violent video games have bad effects on young teenagers because; there was a shooting in Colorado movie theatre. Twelve people were killed and fifty eight were injured by a graduate student. The guy who killed all these people was a very educated man. But he lost his sense of humor. He was out of control. People thought that the shooting was a part of the movie also. He was dressed up as the joker from the movie batman. Later the doctors found out he had some type of brain damage watching too much violent movies and playing games. So, he was not okay in his head. His behavior made so many people lose their lives. So many people lost their loved ones that day. And again violent community and games can damage people’s brains. Some parents say that violent video games have good effects on young teenagers because violent games can be new information to some teenagers, because it is something new and different from their daily lifestyle. They think violent games can help their child with memorization because it provides pretty text to look at. The video games have nice graphics for teenagers. It helps a teenager look at new information and advances them. Some parents think that teenagers learn better by looking at graphics and text that are provided by violent games. Parents think new and different inspires teenagers and games inspire them in a good way. But mostly business owner parents are saying this. But at the end of the day, it is every parent’s job to be responsible for their own child. Parents should pay more attention to their children while children are playing violent video games.

Effect of Glucosamine on Knee Osteoarthritis

Effect of Glucosamine on Knee Osteoarthritis REVIEW OF LITERATURE A prototypical 12-week, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of glucosamine among subjects with knee osteoarthritis was conducted to present the safety and effectiveness over the Internet. The study comprised 205 subjects aged 45 years or older with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and their eligibility was authenticated through medical record review. Participants were administered randomly to 1.5 g/d of glucosamine (n101) or placebo (n104), of whom 108 completed the intervention (93 in each arm). The primary outcome measure was the pain subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Likert version) while additional outcome measures were physical function and stiffness subscales and overall score of the questionnaire, and analgesic use. It was found that there was no difference between treatment and control groups in terms of change in pain score, stiffness, physical function, overall score, and analgesic use. Although glucosamine was appe ared to be safe, it was no more effective than placebo in treating the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. (McAlindon et al. 2004) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the eficacy of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). Fifty men and women with knee OA pain were enrolled in an outpatient medical center. Intervention was MSM 3 g or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks (6 g/day total). Outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index visual analogue scale (WOMAC), patient and physician global assessments (disease status, response to therapy), and SF-36 (overall health-related quality of life). It was found that MSM produced significant decreases in WOMAC pain and physical function impairment as compared to placebo. MSM also produced improvement in performing activities of daily living when compared to placebo on the SF-36 evaluation. The effectiveness and safety of MSM in managing OA and long-term use could not confirm from this pilot trial, but its potential clinical application was examined. (Kim et al. 2005) A study was carried to evaluate the efficacy and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) safety of celecoxib, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), among patients with osteoarthritis. A total of 13,274 osteoarthritis patients from 39 countries were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either celecoxib 100 mg twice daily (BID), celecoxib 200 mg BID, or nonselective NSAID therapy (diclofenac 50 mg BID or naproxen 500 mg BID) for 12 weeks. Standard validated measures were used to assess osteoarthritis efficacy. Serious UGI events were evaluated by 2 blinded, independent, gastrointestinal events committees. It was observed that both dosages of celecoxib were as effective as NSAIDs in treating osteoarthritis. However, ulcer complications occurred within the nonselective NSAID group as compared with the celecoxib group. There were less ulcer complications in the celecoxib group compared with the NSAID group, both in patients taking concomitant aspirin an d those not taking aspirin, but the difference reached statistical significance only in the latter comparison. The cardiovascular thromboembolic events were low and not statistically different among the groups, but the study was not powered to detect such differences. It is concluded that celecoxib is as effective as the nonspecific NSAIDs naproxen and diclofenac, but has significantly fewer serious upper gastrointestinal events in the treatment of osteoarthritis. (Singh et al. 2006) The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of bromelain in treating OA of the knee. The study design was randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Subjects (n ¼47) with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe knee OA were randomized to 12 weeks of bromelain 800 mg/day or placebo, with a 4-week follow-up. Knee (pain, stiffness and function) and quality-of-life symptoms were reported monthly in the WOMAC and SF36 questionnaires, respectively. Adverse events were also recorded. The primary outcome measure was the change in total WOMAC score from baseline to the end of treatment at week 12. Longitudinal models were used to evaluate outcome. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for the primary outcome, nor the WOMAC subscales or SF36. Both treatment groups showed clinically relevant improvement in the WOMAC disability subscale only. Adverse events were generally mild in nature. This study suggested that bromelain was not efficacious as an adjunctive treatment of moderate to severe OA, but its limitations support the need for a follow-up study. (Brien et al. 2006) The aim of this study was to evaluate and establish the non-inferiority of an oral enzyme therapy as compared to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DC) in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Ninety patients were treated with osteoarthritis pain for 6 weeks in one study centre in a phase III, randomised, double blind, parallel group trial. The subjects were divided into two groups, 45 patients in each group. The efficacy criteria were assessed by applying the test of non-inferiority with regard to mean changes and frequencies, t-test, U test, ANCOVA and descriptive methods. The non-inferiority of oral enzymes as compared to Diclofenac was established with p = 0.0025. The oral enzymes used were bromelain, trypsin and rutosid. It was found that oral enzymes were simultaneously non-inferior as compared to Diclofenac. However, in case of drug tolerability, some tendencies were observed in favour of oral enzymes. Although, there was no real difference found between oral enzymes and Diclofenac but oral enzymes may well be prescribed for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis. (Klein et al. 2006) The aim of the study was to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. Both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA) were highlighted. Recent work had shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of b1-integrin expression. Curcumin also blocks IL-1b-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-kB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3. The available data in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. (Henrotin et al. 2009) The aim of the study was to assess whether glucosamine (GlcN), an oral supplement commonly taken to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, modulates the immune and inflammatory responses to joint injury in organs proximal to GlcN absorption; namely, the liver and the gut-draining lymph nodes. Using a papain-injected knee mouse model, standard histological methods were used to validate our model and document the impact of GlcN (100 mg/kg/day) on groups of C57BL/6 mice (n  ¼ 5). Circulating inflammatory cytokines were assessed by Luminex-based immunoassays and the relevance of this cytokine profile on proteoglycan biosynthesis evaluated using a patellar-cartilage assay. Real-time PCR was used to document the role of the liver in cytokine production. It was observed that Papain significantly degraded the proteoglycans in the injected knees by 2 days. Cartilage proteoglycan content was significantly higher in GlcN-treated, papain-injected knees at Day 14. The peak concentration of ser um pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred earlier and decreased sooner in the injected, GlcN-supplemented mice; this trend was in agreement with the expression of these factors by the liver. GlcN did not alter the percentage of MLN populations but accelerated their activation. Hence, it was suggested that Oral GlcN alters the physiology of the liver and MLNs, which in turn, could indirectly alter the biology of the injured joint. (Panicker et al. 2009) A three month study was conducted on curcumin-phosphatidylcholine phytosome complex. The joint pain was decreased and improvement in joint function was observed in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. The patients were evaluated with clinical endpoints score, Karnofsky Performance Scale Index, and treadmill walking performance and ESR. The significant improvements of both the clinical and biochemical endpoints were observed. (Belcaro et al. 2010) The aim of study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment on canine articular chondrocytes in vitro. This research was done to evaluate viability of cell, apoptosis levels and mitosis, proteoglycan concentrations and the expression of certain genes. Chondrocytes were exposed to 50 ÃŽ ¼g/ml bromelain for 4, 16 and 32 h. It was found that the rate of apoptosis in the treatment groups was significantly lower than in the control groups. The rate of mitosis in treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control groups. The effect of bromelain on gene expression was measured by the real-time PCR technique. It was found that bromelain significantly decreased TIMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. These experimental bromelain treatments had shown positive results, and increased the process of healing and modulation of osteoarthritis. (Siengdee et al. 2010) The aim of this study was to evaluate that actual cartilage AGE levels were directly related to actual cartilage damage in OA patients. The actual cartilage AGE levels were directly related to actual cartilage damage by use of cartilage obtained at joint replacement surgery. During study, Cartilage and urine samples were obtained from 69 patients undergoing total knee replacement. Samples were analyzed for pentosidine as marker of AGE. Cartilage damage was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically. It was found that there was an inverse relation between cartilage AGEs and actual cartilage damage in end-stage OA. This was likely due to ongoing (ineffective) increased turnover of cartilage matrix proteins even in end stage disease. (Vos et al. 2011) The study was done to assess the ability of curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val in reducing the cycloxygenase-2 secretion by synovial fluid’s monocytes compared to diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis. The study was prospective randomized open end blinded evaluation (PROBE). The subjects with knee osteoarthritis were divided into two main groups randomly. One group received 30 mg of curcuminoid thrice a day while other group received 25 mg of diclofenac sodium 3 times in a day. The joints aspiration was carried out and cycloxygenase-2 enzyme secretion by synovial fluid’s monocytes was evaluated by scoring method before and after 4 weeks of treatments. In first group the average scores were 1.84 ±0.37 and 1.15 ±0.28 respectively (pet al. 2012) An observational study was conducted containing a formulation of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts. The efficacy and safety of these extracts was measured and directly compared with the celecoxib in osteoarthritis patients. The treatment was tolerated well and it did not produce any major side effects. The patients were analysed by the vital signs, hemogram, liver and renal function tests. This formulation was proved to be effective and safe and no toxicity related with dose was found. (Kizhakkedath 2013) A multicenter, observational and prospective study was carried out on a complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents. These agents include Harpagophytum procumbens,Curcuma longa, and bromelain nutraceuticals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of commercial complex complex of 3 plant extracts in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain. The patients were divided into two groups i.e. acute and chronic. At baseline, the VAS pain score was 69.1 mm (15.4) and 68.0 mm (18.2) for patients with acute andchronic pain, respectively. At the endpoint, the scores decreased to 42.1 mm (21.1) and 37.8 mm (25.9), respectively. At the endpoint, most of the patients have reached the reduced pain level. No side effects were found due to treatment withdrawals. These 3 plant extracts had excellent tolerance profile and found to be safe alternative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. (Mathieu P et al. 2014) The purpose of this study was to analyse efficacy of extracted Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from chicken keel cartilages, its comparison with standard CS from shark origin alone and in combination with Glucosamine Sulfate (GS) in developed and standardized papain induced Osteoarthritis (OA) rat model. One group that was control received sterile normal saline solution while other experimental group received papain intra-articularly. Induction of disease with respect to time was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. The treatment effectiveness un-treated and treated group was assessed on the basis of histological lesions scores. Treatment was started from 29th day and was continued till 60th day of post papain injection. It was found that histological lesions score was not reduced in cartilages of OA group that remained un-treated. However, structural changes were reduced and were found to be close to the control groups that were treated. Histological lesions score was obse rved highest in un-treated Osteoarthritis group followed by GS treated, standard CS, extracted CS, extracted CS plus GS and standard CS plus GS. There was maximum reduction in histological lesions score in groups treated with combinations. The score of group treated with standard CS (shark) was almost similar to extracted CS (chicken) alone and extracted CS plus GS. CS (chicken) was proved to be effective and beneficial in reducing progression of disease. (Khan et al. 2014) The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of oral ginger for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral ginger treatment with placebo in OA patients aged greater than 18 years. Outcome measures were reduction in pain and disability. The efficacy was measured using Hedges standardized mean difference (SMD), and safety by risk ratio (RR). Standard random-effects meta-analysis was used, and inconsistency was evaluated by the I-squared index (I2). Following ginger intake, a statistically significant pain reduction with a low degree of inconsistency, and a statistically significant reduction in disability were seen, both in favor of ginger. Patients given ginger were more than twice as likely to discontinue treatment compared to placebo. Ginger was found modestly efficacious and reasonably safe for treatment of osteoarthritis. (Bartels et al. 2014) The study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in pain reduction and functional improvement. 367 primary knee osteoarthritis patients with a pain score of 5 or higher were randomized to receive ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day or C. domestica extracts 1,500 mg/day for 4 weeks. The main outcomes were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC function scores. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. 185 and 182 patients were randomly assigned into C. domestica extracts and ibuprofen groups, respectively. The baseline characteristics were no different between groups. The mean of all WOMAC scores at weeks 0, 2, and 4 showed significant improvement when compared with the baseline in both groups. After using the noninferiority test, the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of WOMAC total, WOMAC pain, and WOMAC function scores at week 4 adjusted by values at week 0 of C. domesti ca extracts were noninferior to those for the ibuprofen group, except for the WOMAC stiffness subscale. The number of events of abdominal pain/discomfort was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than that in the C. domestica extracts group. Most subjects were satisfied with the treatment, and two-thirds rated themselves as improved in a global assessment. It was concluded that C. domestica extracts are as effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The side effect profile was similar but with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events reports in the C. domestica extracts group. (Kuptniratsaikul et al. 2014) The retrospective observational study was conducted to assess the experiences of 820 patients treated with a new Curcuma extract (Flexofytol ®, 4-6 capsules per day), for more than 6 months for various forms of painful osteoarthritis. These experiences were reported by 110 Belgian general practitioners via a questionnaire that included quality-of-life parameters for assessing patient experience. Data were submitted to an independent statistician for analysis. Within the first 6 weeks, Flexofytol ® improved patient pain, articular mobility, and quality of life. Excellent tolerance was reported, and more than half of these patients were able to discontinue analgaesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Patient satisfaction was confirmed by their decision to maintain Flexofytol ® therapy for more than 6 months. It was found that Flexofytol ® which was based on a new preparation of curcumin, is as a potential neutraceutical for the care of patients complaining of joint problems, with ex cellent tolerance and rapid benefits for articular mobility, pain, and quality of life. (Appelboom et al. 2014)