Impact of Leadership in Organizational Culture-Free-Samples

The Effects of Standardized Tests on Education

Government sanctioned tests have been discussed and contended for the same number of years as they have existed. It is beneficial to take a gander at a portion of the contentions for the two sides and see whether there can be some center ground. Two significant elements of government sanctioned tests are the manner in which the tests are directed and how the outcomes are taken care of. These two issues might be a higher priority than the tests themselves. There must be approaches to have responsibility in many territories of society. In schools, we have to know whether educators are instructing and if understudies are learning. There must be some approach to decide whether the framework is working. State administered tests can show students’ qualities and shortcomings. Preferably, instructors at that point create systems to address the requirements of the understudy that the test has laid out. These tests can help anticipate choice at school, avocation for grants, and determination for business. They can report accomplishment, both for the understudy and the educator. â€Å"The basic thoughts behind the development and utilization of tests are not past our understanding†. Says Andrew J. Strenio Jr. These tests â€Å"certify that the examinee has the essential abilities and skills expected to move on from secondary school programs, practice in an occupation or calling, or get raised status inside a profession†. (Guarding Standardized Testing; Phelps, Richard. We were unable to work in the public eye without some fundamental measures and these norms should be uniform all through our general public. Chauncey and Dobbin write in their book Testing: It’s Place in Education Today:â€Å"Every school and pretty much every educator utilizes a test sooner or later during the time spent arranging guidance that will fit the understudy and his capacities†. State sanctioned testing is only a bigger scope for examination. It offers criticism to the understudy and the educational system about where accomplishment is in sure zones. Be that as it may, it ought not be the main rules for what we think about progress. There is a lot of analysis of state administered tests. Making test scores open is an approach to consider them to be markers of school quality. This has expanded their worth 100% however not in an especially decent manner. Authorities utilize an arrangement of pay-offs and dangers to force everybody into focusing on test results. On the off chance that the scores are high, the pay-offs may incorporate rewards for educators and schools. Understudies may get food, passes to amusement stops or games, exceptions from in-class end of the year tests, and even grants. The dangers incorporate loss of financing or accreditation for schools, while understudies might be kept down a year or denied a secondary school confirmation in the event that they don’t test well, paying little mind to their general scholastic record. All together, these strategies are known as ‘high stakes’ testing. There may not be information on this, however Alfie Kohn states â€Å"the individuals who work most intimately with kids are the well on the way to comprehend the restrictions of government sanctioned tests. † He says that â€Å"support for testing appears to develop as you move away from the understudies, going from instructor to head to focal office executive to educational committee part to state board part, state administrator, and senator. † 3 Standardized Minds by Peter Sacks discusses the unchallenged situation of state administered testing which he terms â€Å"an undesirable and suffering obsession†. He additionally expounds on the expense of such an excess of testing. â€Å"The sum Americans spend stepping through examinations, getting ready for tests, scoring tests, and running sublimely expand testing programs in schools, universities and the working environment is staggering, most likely running in the billions of dollars every year. It is conceivable that Americans might be taking upwards of 600 million government sanctioned tests every year, or multiple tests every year for each man, lady, and kid in the United States. Absurd requests of ‘higher scores’ from schools has many negative outcomes. Alfie Kohn says â€Å"Teachers are starting to feel burnt out on the weight, the slanted needs, and the insolent treatment as they are compelled to execute an educational plan to a great extent dictated by test makers or state officials. † A threatening situation creates as instructors want to demonstrate that low scores were not their deficiency. An unfortunate r ivalry is set up between instructors. High-stakes testing has prompted across the board cheating. As of late, Atlanta schools swindling outrage has been headline news. An article in Substance News by George N. Schmidt on Dec. 26, 2010 subtleties the profundity and broadness of the CRCT embarrassment. The article is a piece of arrangement that has inspected the measurably implausible gains in test scores in Atlanta schools and how school locale authorities reacted to them. The cash spent on this examination could most likely form another school. The desire for higher scores implies instructors are bound to â€Å"teach to the test’ and become recruit instructors. Different things like expressive arts tumble to the wayside as math and science are stressed. From the book Standardized Minds: â€Å"Researchers have found reliably that one of the most harming impacts of enormous scope, large stakes state administered testing in schools has been to: (1) misrepresent what’s educated in school; and (2) to seriously tighten what is instructed to just those things well on the way to show up on an up and coming government sanctioned test. There is fault and result to cheating, regardless of whether it is out and out deletions on tests or long stretches of showing the test. Be that as it may, it should assist us with rethinking the weights on ‘high-stakes’ testing. Possibly the Atlanta tricking outrage can give us that our reaction to the grade is way off the mark. School locale, schools, educators, and under studies ought not need to be tried under such extraordinary tension. This undermining air makes bamboozling a probability. Evaluations and grades don’t mention to us what we truly need to think about someone. The Case Against Standardized Testing incorporates a rundown offered by instructor Bill Ayers: â€Å"Standardized tests can’t measure activity, inventiveness, creative mind, reasonable reasoning, interest, exertion, incongruity, judgment, responsibility, subtlety, cooperative attitude, moral reflection, or a large group of other important demeanors and properties. What they can gauge and tally are secluded abilities, explicit realities and capacities, the least intriguing and least critical parts of learning†. Possibly it's anything but a ‘bad test’ yet how the outcomes are dealt with. Daniel Koretz in Measuring Up discusses the restrictions of grades. He says â€Å"What training pioneers need is a reasonable, straight-forward proportion of school execution, to have the option to screen schools and consider them responsible. The issue is that we will in general overestimate what tests can do. Tests are not intended to sum up every one of that understudies and schools can do†. By a similar token Andrew Strenio states that â€Å"Standardized tests pass on a deception of a lot more prominent exactness than they are really fit for achieving†. Learning is a procedure and procedure is characterized as development, a progression of activities or changes. That is the thing that makes it hard to definitely quantify. So perhaps we ought not stick such a great amount on state administered tests. Rather, make them a segment of the general estimation of value accomplishment. Valerie Janesick states in The Assessment Debate that â€Å"Learning doesn't occur by sheer idiotic possibility or karma . It happens by design†. She makes reference to Grant Wiggins saying â€Å"the objective isn't moment change or moment knowing but instead a consistent procedure that outcomes in understanding†. Priscilla Vail states â€Å"Above all, guardians, understudies, and instructors must recall that a test just shows what one individual did on one exercise on one day. A state administered test score isn't a permit to live or a proportion of meriting oxygen and space on our planet. † The chance to show what you know should likewise be possible with portfolio evaluation, gathering or individual activities, and bring home tests. We ought to endeavor to make schools that help understudies thrive. We ought to likewise endeavor to employ directors who can create and execute new rules for estimating accomplishment that could oblige the government sanctioned tests.

Influence of Rock Music on Society free essay sample

It likewise works as a medium which the specialists a pass on their social encounters and their mentality toward society and life to their crowd. On each purpose of its turn of events, awesome music has become the transporters of unmistakable implications which venture profound into the lives of its fans. Exciting music regularly alludes to music styles after 1959 and it has its underlying foundations in backtalk awesome and rockabilly. The term awesome itself was dark slang for moving or sex, first showed up on record in 1 922 on Tried Smiths My Baby Rocks Me With One Steady Roll.According to an online site MS Incarnate , the word rock intends to swing or influence in reverse and forward r from side to side, or cause a person or thing to swing or influence along these lines, particularly with a moderate delicate musicality. The action word Roll was a medieval analogy which implied having intercourse. The term awesome itself was dark slang for moving or sex, first showed up on record In 1922 on Tried Smiths My Baby Rocks Me With One Steady Roll.According to an online site MANS Incarnate , the word rock intends to swing or influence in reverse and forward or from side to side, or cause a person or thing to swing or influence along these lines, particularly with a moderate delicate musicality. The action word Roll was a medieval allegory which implied having diviner. This sort of melodic style started to develop in United States during the late 1 backtalk as a blend of the rhythms of the blues, RB, African American culture, and from Americas nation and western music.According to an online site Wisped, Rock and roll (otherwise called rock move), Is a kind of music that advanced in the US in the late backtalk and got well known in the early backtalk, rapidly spreading to the remainder of the world. It later brought forth the different sub-kinds of what is currently called basically rock, typically joined by verses. After World War II, a well known DC (abbreviated from plate Jockey) in American, Alan Freed, received this term to his program Moods Rock move Party. He additionally started telecom the romping R music In his program and obtained the term awesome to portray this melodic form.Hence, this term began to win. Be that as it may, Rock music didn't end up being standard until the rise of numerous remarkable and incredible antecedents. As the book The Apocalypse of Pop Music (1994, p. 5) shows, there was no such melodic structure which prevails music hovers before Elvis Presley made his introduction. Nonetheless, the main stone vocalist who initially acquaint rock;n move with the mass populace Is 3111 Haley and his melody Rock Around the Clock. TLS tune came in any case on the diagrams both in America and in England and has been considered as perhaps the best melody in rock music.At a similar time, Elvis Presley, additionally known s The King of Rock n Roll, began to build up his notoriety as the most huge stone vocalist in this field. It has been guaranteed that there are more than 500 US fan clubs and that they exist in each state. As per the American Demographics magazine, 84% of the US individuals state that their lives have been moved by Elvis Presley here and there, 31% have purchased an Elvis record, CD or video, , and 5% have seen the vocalist in show. During the post-WI monetary blast of the backtalk, numerous guardians had the option to give their young kids a lot higher allowances.The adjustment brought about a gathering of lively adolescents. They bit by bit got mindful of lifes dull, so they looked for new excitation. Elvis Presley youthful, attractive appearance and his sepulchral, passionate voice have satisfied the young people prerequisite for an icon. Thus, he turned into the hit. The predominance of Elvis Presley additionally demonstrated the young people in that time in need of a music style which were uncontrollable and wild. By the assistance of Elvis Presley and the social components, exciting music has become the first and the genuine standard throughout the entire existence of popular music. By the backtalk, America no longer has its driving spot. Around then, numerous British youngsters began to frame groups came about because of the impact of the exciting music wave. This pattern started in Liverpool, a thriving harbor situated in England, in which the neighborhood young people could connect with American awesome music effectively and rapidly. Along these lines The Beetles drove the melodic British Invasion into the United States. They are considered as the best band on the planet. The Beetles are the top of the line melodic demonstration ever in the United States, as indicated by the RecordingIndustry Association of America, which ensured them as the most elevated selling band ever dependent on American deals of singles and collections. This business achievement was rehashed in numerous different nations. In reality, the Beetles were not the sort of artists that would show thought for the general public and reflect reality in their initial period. Despite the fact that their music was famous, its substance was about adoration and sentiment. Not until the discharged of their collection, Help, would we be able to see their cautious and intentional mentality towards creating music.In 1967, the war occurred in the Middle East turned out to be increasingly wild. Out of concern, the Beetles composed a great tune All You Need Is Love. By the telecom of counterfeit satellite, there were around 2,000 a huge number of individuals saw their message of adoration right away. As should be obvious in the verses, Theres nothing you can do that cant be finished. Nothing you can sing that cant be sung. Nothing you can say except for you can figure out how the play the game All You Need Is Love, they decide to communicate their anxiety and to approach people groups consideration and care.Rock sic as the medium among individuals and society can be seen in here. Another genuine case of how awesome music go about as the impression of the truth is the Sex Pistols in 1977. They have been portrayed as the complete English underground rock band. It happened to be the monetary emergency and genuine joblessness question in England at that timeframe. They reprimanded the power and the bourgeoisie strongly from the perspective of the lower class in the general public. They made a unique, inelegant and rough method of playing, that is, punk rock.They supported skepticism and sang for political agitation, as the verses of their tune Anarchy in the I-J shows, l am an enemy of Christ. I am a rebel.. .. I need decimate it, punch it, break it. I need be a rebel. Punk music is the aggregate defiance of adolescents. In the part of society and governmental issues, young people were disappointed with the authoritative framework; in the part of conceivable indicating effortlessness and genuine delight in playing. It was the principle motivation behind why another melodic insurgency, underground rock, developed. It likewise demonstrates that there is by all accounts a lot of belief system to help each sort of music styles.Rock music, as a mutinous that's right of music, is an accurate agent of the young culture. This melodic structure gives adolescents the odds to encounter enjoyment, distress and outrage. There are a considerable number of the confirmations that individuals can value the Joy of life or express their irateness at society through exciting music. Awesome music isn't just a methods for amusement; it is additionally a sort of workmanship and a methods for self-communicating. The historical backdrop of awesome music is likewise the historical backdrop of the youthful soul which is fearless in rebellion and not terrified of innovating.According to Peter Wicked (1990), since backtalk, exciting music has Ovid from the edges of American mainstream music to the focal point of a worldwide industry. Firmly associated with youth culture, the impact of awesome is extensive, and has had critical effect worldwide on design, film styles, and mentalities towards sex and sexuality and utilization of medications and liquor, and so on. This effect is wide enough that awesome may likewise be viewed as a way of life notwithstanding a type of music. (Wisped) By the development innovation and the development of the broad communications, awesome music keeps on assuming a focal job in the mainstream society of the world.

Writing Persuasive Nursing Essays

Writing Persuasive Nursing EssaysWriting persuasive nursing essays can be a difficult task. There are many persuasive nursing essays that you will come across in the literature that requires you to write persuasively and assertively. You will find some areas where you have to argue for your points with the help of complex sentences and extensive use of the verb. If you want to write an effective nursing essay, you will have to face this challenge head on.The challenge here is how to pick persuasive nursing essay topics that are not only challenging but that also satisfy you. You have to first determine what kinds of nurses or health care providers would you like to write about. Then you have to identify your own personal personality and personal values.After you have decided who to write about, you need to create a list of specific things that the audience will need to know in order to understand your argument better. You should also note down your strong points. You can make up a li st of three to five strong points to support your arguments. Then, you can highlight these strong points in your essay.Lastly, you need to make sure that you follow the rules when it comes to writing an essay. You should learn from the master writers to ensure that you do not end up with an argument that is boring. Remember that you are the one writing an essay. Keep your reader in mind as much as possible so that they will have a clear picture of who you are and what you stand for.Now that you have learned some of the details that should be in an effective persuasive essay, you will have to think of a title for your essay. It is not necessary that you include your name or nickname in the title. You can choose a relevant title such as 'The Heroics of Rachael'. However, this title will prove to be less motivating to the reader. When it comes to the topic of your essay, make sure that you have a title that suits your topic. Avoid using 'in' words in your title. These include 'of', 'to ', 'on', 'for', and 'by'. This will definitely make the readers want to continue reading your article.If you do not know a well-known term, do not panic. There are many resources online that you can use to gather information about a certain term. Just be sure that you are clear on the actual meaning of the term.There are a lot of persuasive nursing essay topics that you can write about and you will be able to find the one that suits your skills and personalities. As long as you are careful enough about your content and the way you word your topic, you will be able to create an informative and exciting nursing essay that people will cherish for a long time.

Online Paper Writing - Why Online Paper Writing Is Easy?

Online Paper Writing - Why Online Paper Writing Is Easy?When it comes to online paper writing, you need to understand the truth of what people say that paper writing is difficult and boring. The truth is that it is simple and enjoyable but also that you are not going to be sitting down in front of a computer with a pencil and paper as well as your brain working together.But you also don't have to worry about being written to death by your online paper writing teacher if you just take the time to do some research. It is still a good idea to get your hands on some reference material when you are first starting out so that you can find something that you can use or even read from a few times. With that said, there are three different types of writing, from academic research to actual writing.One of the types is the book-length paper, more commonly known as a dissertation. This has the full respect of the graduate school that the student is hoping to go to. So much of the time, students who want to go to grad school to do it for the prestige. The problem that they run into is that sometimes the topic of the thesis and also the paper is not exactly what the professor had in mind.Online writing is quite similar to that. You have your thesis or the paper that you want to use to get your grades in your school, you do some research and then you put it into an online format. Then you will probably have a deadline that will be emailed to you that you will have to meet.Online writing is much easier to manage and keep in a schedule. And as long as you know what you are writing, you will not have to worry about typing every word up into a word processor every time you start a new section. As long as you get started and then don't forget, you will not have to stop.Another type of writing that is quite easy is the style that you would be doing in college writing papers for a course. Many college students tend to use a style that is very formal, meaning that they do not use the paper as a way to express their thoughts, they tend to just use it to satisfy the instructor and to get an AB grade.Online writing is much easier in this case because you are not going to be using the paper to make you grade point. You are just going to use it to keep track of things that you have to do to get ready for the next section.Online writing can also be used for the purpose of reporting and research, but you will more than likely still have to type those things up into a word processor, because that is how it is done in most cases. Online writing should always be put into an online format so that it can be processed properly and understood.

Supernatural Elements In the Play Macbeth - 2475 Words

Supernatural Elements In the Play Macbeth (Essay Sample) Content: Your NameProfessorCourseMarch 30, 2014Supernatural Elements In the Play MacbethOption Two (2): How does the presence of supernatural elements Affect Macbeth Choices Through out the play?1.0 The Three Witches And Their PropheciesMacbeth, a play by William Shakespeare relays a tale of heroic soldier who is presaged to become the king of Scotland upon meeting three witches, committing regicide and a chain of crimes, which lead to his own tragic demise. Shakespeare utilizes the supernatural in his play to add dramatic effect and heighten the suspense, the supernatural is also entrenched in the life of Macbeth, often determining his course of action and the salient decisions he makes throughout the play. Most actions that Macbeth undertakes are subjective to his inherent belief in the existence of supernatural powers, which persuade him that he can become the king of Scotland. Macbeth is a canonical work of the 17th century that have been extensively studied, analyzed and interpreted over time. The supernatural elements in the story are central to the plot to reveal deeper meaning, at the same time providing for a level of ambiguity that allows the audience to have different interpretations (Caderwood 64). In this tale, supernatural is used as means of reflecting upon the vice of succumbing to temptations that are common to mankind and the consequences of falling to the darker side of human nature (Hawkins 132). In Macbeth, the supernatural can be perceived as literal elements or as metaphors for the psychology of the human protagonists. Through the supernatural, the true nature of the lead character is portrayed providing definitive example of how the supernatural and spiritual can be used to create a deeper narrative meaning.In Macbeth, the supernatural forms an integral part of the plot, providing a catalyst for, an insight into character, and augments dramatic effect to the spectacular scenes (Caderwood 102). The supernatural appears in variety o f ways such as the ghost, the witches, the floating dagger and prophetic apparitions which make various appearances. Through the main characters delusion and Lady Macbeths sway over him, misdeeds are committed that leave hideous scars on the society and felonies that are perpetually etched in history. Macbeth seems to stumble and make mistakes after mistakes leading to his disgrace. This essay examines the effects of supernatural in the play Macbeth and how it affects his characterization, the plot and his choices. In scene one, as the play commences three witches appear to Macbeth and Banquo, the presence of the witches is markedly important in the progression of plot and the characterization of Macbeth. Through their wicked machinations they bring out Macbeths inner evil ambition and determine his fate. Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Act 1, Scene. 1, 11), in these scene the witches start in boding evil of thunder and lighting, the desolate atmosphere that starts off the drama su pports the terror and tragedy that typify the rest of the play. As such, the audience is able to infer into the witches intentions for meeting Macbeth and the harm they intend to do. When the hurlyburlys done/ When the battles lost and won (Act 1, Scene.1). Although Macbeth has worn the battle of war, the witches insinuate that he might lose battle against his own fate (Bartholomeusz 93). The witches predict that, everything will be overturned, moral order upturned giving room for darkness to prevail (Bloom 34). Through their ominous foreshadowing, the audience can almost guess the chaos that will ultimately decide Macbeths outcome.Although Macbeth is a valiant character with immense ambition, the presence of the supernatural evil forces tempts him hoodwinking him into their wicked entrapment. At first, Macbeth is very cautious over the prophecies made by the witches, but once they pronounce that he would be given the title of Thane of Cawdor he is hooked into their gimmicks, convin ced that in the future he would inherit the throne (Kranz 44). Since Macbeth lacked strong moral authority, the witches were able to access him and pollute his way of thinking. Lady Macbeth is very instrumental in swaying Macbeth into deeper wickedness since she was able to convince him to commit dreadful crimes. The three witches gave Macbeth three major prophecies which triggered him to commit felonies and make choices that were ultimately detrimental to his own life.Macbeth would become Thane of Cawdor.Macbeth will also be king of Scotland.Though Banquo will not become the king he will be the father of kings(Davidson 54) Once the witches give their prophetic words to Macbeth he takes fate in his own hands, he comes up with a plan on how to secure the throne and the ultimate power. There were two ways in which he could ascend the throne, he could either inherit the throne or murder or succeed the incumbent king Duncan. Murdering the king appeared to be most logical choice because there was already an heir to the throne chosen by Duncan. Lady Macbeth on the other hand, had relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy, summoning evil spirits to give her the ability to plot for Duncans murder without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). So finally Lady Macbeth convinces her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan; they master the plan together so that on the night of murder Macbeth had to wait for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell so he could go to Duncans chamber and murder him. Just before Macbeth kills Duncan, he starts hallucinating seeing a bloody dagger, this in reality signifies his deep disturbance because he is not able to distinguish what is real and what is imagination (Bartholomeusz 129). So the vision of the floating dagger firmly convinces Macbeth that he should go ahead and commit his planned crime. The dagger leads Macbeth towards the chamber then as the signal bell rings Macbeth proceeds stealthily up the staircase to Duncan's chamber where he commits the atrocious deed. After the murder is committed, Banquo, Macbeths friend, develops suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan so as to ascend the throne. Ravaged by fear and guilt over the murder of Duncan, Macbeth and his wife decide to kill Banquo to erase their guilt and fear that Banquo could find out their crime (Caderwood 45). All these decisions that Macbeth take are triggered by the supernatural evil spirits which work systematically through the machinations of the three witches and his wife lady Macbeth. The supernatural did not offer sound assistance to Macbeth rather it threw him into deeper confusion phrases used by the witches such as Lesser than Macbeth, and greater/ Not so happy, yet much happier/ Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. (Act 1, Scene. iii, 67-69) suggest that the witches do not bring certainty but rather mystification and chaos that perplex and mislead Macbeth.When King Duncan names Malcolm as heir to the throne, its sets a platform for Macbeth to strive for the throne; thus he resolves to follow the prophecy given by three witches; this is how he ends up planning and executing the murder of Duncan. Lady Macbeths ambition to make her husband king causes her to access the supernatural and she addresses the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here/ and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ of direst cruelty! (Act 1, Scene. five, 44-46). She addresses the spirits from the immensity of her spitefulness, beckoning the evil forces to take away her morality and to so as to replace her humanity with evil. When there is an opportunity to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth is animated at the prospect of being part of the malevolence. Another supernatural element comes in with the shrieking of an owl since its believed that its sound hints an imminent death. When Macbeth finally kills the king he is apprehensive of his own actions and is now regretful and scared; he knows that his crime would follow a nd haunt him; he does not however realize that his actions have been manipulated by his evil wife and the three witches. 2.0 Banquos Ghost In A BanquetMacbeth could not deal with the guilt he felt over Duncan, and when Banquo treats him with suspicion over the death of Duncan Macbeth is enraged and decides to murder him. Overwhelmed by devilish thoughts that fills his mind and determines his decisions; Macbeth kills Banquo so that he could come in to terms with his own crime. Killing Banquo only served to drive Macbeth into deeper quagmire as the ghost of the deceased appears to him in a banquet; the Banquos ghost is only visible to him (Bloom 63). Once the murderer notifies Macbeth that he has already murdered Banquo he observes the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This apparition causes Macbeth to act in a weird manner making people suspicious of his actions. (Act III, Scene VI, ll.31-120).This serves to demonstrate the unstable state of Macbeth after killing Banquo. H e cries out Hence, horrible shadow!/Unreal mockery, hence! (Act 3, Scene. IV, 125-126). When Macbeth sees the ghost he is horrified and upsets the guests. He wonders why murder had taken place many times in the past before it was prevented by law -edict purged the gentle weal- and yet the dead were coming back to the living world. Since Lady Macbeth was still ignorant over Banquos death, she believed that he was merely staring at the apparition of Duncan. There is room for vagueness in the way that Banquos ghost is represented. Kranz, David(2003) writes that the representation of Banquos ghost, which only Macbeth can see, again puts pressure on the audience in determining where to draw lines between the inner and outer existence(107). In other words, t... Supernatural Elements In the Play Macbeth - 2475 Words Supernatural Elements In the Play Macbeth (Essay Sample) Content: Your NameProfessorCourseMarch 30, 2014Supernatural Elements In the Play MacbethOption Two (2): How does the presence of supernatural elements Affect Macbeth Choices Through out the play?1.0 The Three Witches And Their PropheciesMacbeth, a play by William Shakespeare relays a tale of heroic soldier who is presaged to become the king of Scotland upon meeting three witches, committing regicide and a chain of crimes, which lead to his own tragic demise. Shakespeare utilizes the supernatural in his play to add dramatic effect and heighten the suspense, the supernatural is also entrenched in the life of Macbeth, often determining his course of action and the salient decisions he makes throughout the play. Most actions that Macbeth undertakes are subjective to his inherent belief in the existence of supernatural powers, which persuade him that he can become the king of Scotland. Macbeth is a canonical work of the 17th century that have been extensively studied, analyzed and interpreted over time. The supernatural elements in the story are central to the plot to reveal deeper meaning, at the same time providing for a level of ambiguity that allows the audience to have different interpretations (Caderwood 64). In this tale, supernatural is used as means of reflecting upon the vice of succumbing to temptations that are common to mankind and the consequences of falling to the darker side of human nature (Hawkins 132). In Macbeth, the supernatural can be perceived as literal elements or as metaphors for the psychology of the human protagonists. Through the supernatural, the true nature of the lead character is portrayed providing definitive example of how the supernatural and spiritual can be used to create a deeper narrative meaning.In Macbeth, the supernatural forms an integral part of the plot, providing a catalyst for, an insight into character, and augments dramatic effect to the spectacular scenes (Caderwood 102). The supernatural appears in variety o f ways such as the ghost, the witches, the floating dagger and prophetic apparitions which make various appearances. Through the main characters delusion and Lady Macbeths sway over him, misdeeds are committed that leave hideous scars on the society and felonies that are perpetually etched in history. Macbeth seems to stumble and make mistakes after mistakes leading to his disgrace. This essay examines the effects of supernatural in the play Macbeth and how it affects his characterization, the plot and his choices. In scene one, as the play commences three witches appear to Macbeth and Banquo, the presence of the witches is markedly important in the progression of plot and the characterization of Macbeth. Through their wicked machinations they bring out Macbeths inner evil ambition and determine his fate. Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Act 1, Scene. 1, 11), in these scene the witches start in boding evil of thunder and lighting, the desolate atmosphere that starts off the drama su pports the terror and tragedy that typify the rest of the play. As such, the audience is able to infer into the witches intentions for meeting Macbeth and the harm they intend to do. When the hurlyburlys done/ When the battles lost and won (Act 1, Scene.1). Although Macbeth has worn the battle of war, the witches insinuate that he might lose battle against his own fate (Bartholomeusz 93). The witches predict that, everything will be overturned, moral order upturned giving room for darkness to prevail (Bloom 34). Through their ominous foreshadowing, the audience can almost guess the chaos that will ultimately decide Macbeths outcome.Although Macbeth is a valiant character with immense ambition, the presence of the supernatural evil forces tempts him hoodwinking him into their wicked entrapment. At first, Macbeth is very cautious over the prophecies made by the witches, but once they pronounce that he would be given the title of Thane of Cawdor he is hooked into their gimmicks, convin ced that in the future he would inherit the throne (Kranz 44). Since Macbeth lacked strong moral authority, the witches were able to access him and pollute his way of thinking. Lady Macbeth is very instrumental in swaying Macbeth into deeper wickedness since she was able to convince him to commit dreadful crimes. The three witches gave Macbeth three major prophecies which triggered him to commit felonies and make choices that were ultimately detrimental to his own life.Macbeth would become Thane of Cawdor.Macbeth will also be king of Scotland.Though Banquo will not become the king he will be the father of kings(Davidson 54) Once the witches give their prophetic words to Macbeth he takes fate in his own hands, he comes up with a plan on how to secure the throne and the ultimate power. There were two ways in which he could ascend the throne, he could either inherit the throne or murder or succeed the incumbent king Duncan. Murdering the king appeared to be most logical choice because there was already an heir to the throne chosen by Duncan. Lady Macbeth on the other hand, had relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy, summoning evil spirits to give her the ability to plot for Duncans murder without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). So finally Lady Macbeth convinces her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan; they master the plan together so that on the night of murder Macbeth had to wait for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell so he could go to Duncans chamber and murder him. Just before Macbeth kills Duncan, he starts hallucinating seeing a bloody dagger, this in reality signifies his deep disturbance because he is not able to distinguish what is real and what is imagination (Bartholomeusz 129). So the vision of the floating dagger firmly convinces Macbeth that he should go ahead and commit his planned crime. The dagger leads Macbeth towards the chamber then as the signal bell rings Macbeth proceeds stealthily up the staircase to Duncan's chamber where he commits the atrocious deed. After the murder is committed, Banquo, Macbeths friend, develops suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan so as to ascend the throne. Ravaged by fear and guilt over the murder of Duncan, Macbeth and his wife decide to kill Banquo to erase their guilt and fear that Banquo could find out their crime (Caderwood 45). All these decisions that Macbeth take are triggered by the supernatural evil spirits which work systematically through the machinations of the three witches and his wife lady Macbeth. The supernatural did not offer sound assistance to Macbeth rather it threw him into deeper confusion phrases used by the witches such as Lesser than Macbeth, and greater/ Not so happy, yet much happier/ Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. (Act 1, Scene. iii, 67-69) suggest that the witches do not bring certainty but rather mystification and chaos that perplex and mislead Macbeth.When King Duncan names Malcolm as heir to the throne, its sets a platform for Macbeth to strive for the throne; thus he resolves to follow the prophecy given by three witches; this is how he ends up planning and executing the murder of Duncan. Lady Macbeths ambition to make her husband king causes her to access the supernatural and she addresses the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here/ and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full/ of direst cruelty! (Act 1, Scene. five, 44-46). She addresses the spirits from the immensity of her spitefulness, beckoning the evil forces to take away her morality and to so as to replace her humanity with evil. When there is an opportunity to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth is animated at the prospect of being part of the malevolence. Another supernatural element comes in with the shrieking of an owl since its believed that its sound hints an imminent death. When Macbeth finally kills the king he is apprehensive of his own actions and is now regretful and scared; he knows that his crime would follow a nd haunt him; he does not however realize that his actions have been manipulated by his evil wife and the three witches. 2.0 Banquos Ghost In A BanquetMacbeth could not deal with the guilt he felt over Duncan, and when Banquo treats him with suspicion over the death of Duncan Macbeth is enraged and decides to murder him. Overwhelmed by devilish thoughts that fills his mind and determines his decisions; Macbeth kills Banquo so that he could come in to terms with his own crime. Killing Banquo only served to drive Macbeth into deeper quagmire as the ghost of the deceased appears to him in a banquet; the Banquos ghost is only visible to him (Bloom 63). Once the murderer notifies Macbeth that he has already murdered Banquo he observes the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This apparition causes Macbeth to act in a weird manner making people suspicious of his actions. (Act III, Scene VI, ll.31-120).This serves to demonstrate the unstable state of Macbeth after killing Banquo. H e cries out Hence, horrible shadow!/Unreal mockery, hence! (Act 3, Scene. IV, 125-126). When Macbeth sees the ghost he is horrified and upsets the guests. He wonders why murder had taken place many times in the past before it was prevented by law -edict purged the gentle weal- and yet the dead were coming back to the living world. Since Lady Macbeth was still ignorant over Banquos death, she believed that he was merely staring at the apparition of Duncan. There is room for vagueness in the way that Banquos ghost is represented. Kranz, David(2003) writes that the representation of Banquos ghost, which only Macbeth can see, again puts pressure on the audience in determining where to draw lines between the inner and outer existence(107). In other words, t...

Efficient Market Theory and Behavioural Finance Essay

The behaviour of markets and investors, the decision making in the market place and the dynamics of demand and supply in any given market cannot be determined with a hundred percent accuracy. However master minds in the past have designed various techniques and theories that help investors make a particular buying decision, or to make choices logically. These theories and techniques help today’s investors to peep into the future and make almost immaculate predictions regarding the future behaviour of the market and the ongoing trends. A lay man night view the decision making of an investor as being solely based upon speculation but in reality every move that an investor makes today in the market place is backed up by sound calculation and†¦show more content†¦So according to the Efficient Market Theory it is impossible for any investor to â€Å"beat the market† that is earn more profit or get more return than what the market is actually offering. Therefore the investor can only earn greater profits on his investment if the investment portfolio includes a high proportion of risky investments that is those with higher standard deviations and betas but with a good capability of yielding high returns as well (Stephens, C.R., 2010). On the other hand behavioural finance defines the market dynamics and movement in terms of psychology of the participants in the trading process. Behavioural finance proposes that the amount of information available in the market regarding the factors that determine the output or profitability of a particular investment actually serve to determine the movement and output of the market itself (Fama, E.F., 1998). It is believed that Efficient Market Theory is based upon some fallacies and it does not provide strong grounds of whatever that it proposes. More importantly the Efficient Market theory is perceived to be too subjective in its definition and details and because of this it is close to impossible to accommodate this theory into a meaningful and explicit financial model that can actually assist investors in making the investment decisions (Andresso-O’Callaghan, B., 2007). The basis of Efficient Market theory is considered to have a gap in theory and practice thatShow MoreRelatedKey Concepts And Explanations Of The Efficient Market Hypothesis915 Words   |  4 PagesConcepts and Explanations of the Efficient Market Hypothesis Overview Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is a theory that states that it is impossible to beat the market due to the following reasons: †¢ Assumption that markets are efficient †¢ Investors make rational decisions †¢ Market participants are sophisticated †¢ Investors act quickly on information as it becomes available Since prices reflect all information there are no bargain prices. In efficient markets, prices become unpredictable andRead MoreTheories concerning finance have developed throughout the years evolving from the efficient market800 Words   |  4 PagesTheories concerning finance have developed throughout the years evolving from the efficient market theory to behavioural finance. The efficient market theory had a large following in the 1970s although in the 1980s this theory became problematic as the theory didn’t explain the volatility of the actual stock market. Shiller argued that efficient market model needed to be grounded more in reality. Behavioural finance was a solution that many looked to and is becoming a favourable model, as it looksRead MoreEfficient Market Hypothesis Vs Behavioural Finance1747 Words   |  7 PagesEfficient Market Hypothesis v’s Behavioural Finance An efficient market is one in which share prices quickly and fully reflect all available information, where investors are rational, and there are no frictions. Investors determine stock prices on the basis of expected cash flows to be received from a stock and the risk involved. Rational investors should use all the information they have available or can reasonably obtain, including both known information and beliefs about the future. In an efficientRead MoreClassical Finance : The Backbone Of The Financial World1414 Words   |  6 Pagesclassical finance has been considered to be the backbone of the financial world. In the 1960s-1970s, many traditional financial theories and concepts were established with the help of asset pricing results found by various famous researchers, such as Merton (1973) and Black and Scholes (1973). However, roughly forty years ago, Behavioural finance came into power and resulted in questioning the mere implications and core assumptions of traditional or classical financial theories such as the Efficient MarketRead MoreThe Overreaction Of Market Behaviour And The Psychology Of Individual Decision Making Has On Stock Prices Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Werner F. M. De Bondt and Richard Thaler conducted a study to investigate the stock market. This study examined the impact the overreaction of market behaviour and the psychology of individual decision making has on stock prices. The main goal of this study was â€Å"to test whether the overreaction hypothesis is predictive† (pg. 795). They tested two hypotheses (pg. 795): 1. Extreme movements in stock prices will be followed by subsequent price movements in the opposite direction. 2. TheRead MoreEssay on The Efficient Market Hypothesis1845 Words   |  8 Pages1. INTRODUCTION The efficient market, as one of the pillars of neoclassical finance, asserts that financial markets are efficient on information. The efficient market hypothesis suggests that there is no trading system based on currently available information that could be expected to generate excess risk-adjusted returns consistently as this information is already reflected in current prices. However, EMH has been the most controversial subject of research in the fields of financial economics duringRead MoreMarket Efficiency Theory - Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Every event, no matter how remote or long ago, echoes across all other events.† (Mandelbrot, 2004) Modern financial implications perceive every action/reaction on markets as a result/cause of more complex, mutually dependent events. Studies of these relations began with the simplest ‘random walk’ hypothesis stating that price reactions are unforecastable. It was supported by ‘martingale’ stochastic process. Theoretically it is not possible to fully exist, as there would be no place for speculationRead MoreCapital Market Research : How Disclosures Of Particular Information Influences Aggregate Trading Activities Taken By Individuals Participating Within Capital1373 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge on capital market research which investigates how disclosures of particular information influences aggregate trading activities taken by individuals participating within capital markets (Deegan ,2011). Through this module my understanding in capital market research that looks at the information content of accounting disclosures and capital market research that uses share price data as a benchmark for evaluating accounting disclosures has evolved. In this area of research, markets are deemed efficientRead MoreEmpirical Challenges of the Efficient Market Hypothesis2070 Words   |  9 PagesEmpirical Challenges to the Efficient Market Hypothesis 1. Introduction Random walks observed in stock return series prior to the 1970s puzzled a number of financial theorists and practitioners. In 1970, this puzzle was resolved by Eugene Fama (1970) who argued that the random walks observed in the behaviour of stock return series could be attributed to market efficiency. Market efficient meant that investors could not consistently make risk-adjusted returns by making investment decisionsRead MoreBehavioral Finance And Its Effects On The Behavior Of Financial Practitioners And The Subsequent Effect On Markets2103 Words   |  9 PagesBehavioural Finance Introduction Behavioural finance is a relatively new area of evolving research in finance. Behavioural finance seek to combine behavioural and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to get a better understanding for why individual investors make irrational financial decisions. According to Sewell (2007), â€Å"Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets

Disopora of Inheritance of Loss - 3231 Words

As might be expected from the rich input of her cultural background, Kiran Desai, daughter of the author Anita Desai is a born story-teller. Her first novel, Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard (1998), is a fresh look at life in the sleepy provincial town of Shahkot in India. At 35 years old, Desai is the youngest woman ever to win the prize and was already highly acclaimed in literary circles for her first novel ‘Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard’ which won a Betty Trask award [2] when it was published in 1998. She spent eight years writing her second novel â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss† [3] . Much has been made of the parallels between the book and Desais family history but its not an autobiography. Desai herself has said that in places its†¦show more content†¦Whereas Biju finds it difficult to have a conversation even with the Indian girls to whom he delivers a take away meal, Saeed had many girls: Oh myee God!! he said. Oh myee Gaaaawd! She keep calling me and calling me,† he clutched at head, â€Å"aaaiii...I dont know what to do!!†... †Its those dreadlocks, cut them off and the girls will go.† â€Å"But I dont want them to go!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [8] Much of the comedy also arises from the Indian mis or over-use of the English language. ‘â€Å"Result equivocal† the young Judge wrote home to India on completing his university examinations in Britain. â€Å"What†, asked everyone â€Å"does that mean?† It sounded as if there was a problem, because â€Å"un† words were negative words, those basically competent in the English agreed. But then (his father) consulted the assistant magistrate and they exploded with joy †¦.† Bose, the Judge’s friend from his university days is a wonderfully optimistic but pompous individual, made all the more ridiculous by his over-use of British idioms – Cheeri-o, right-o, tickety boo, simply smashing, chin-chin, no siree, how’s that, bottom’s up, I say! [9] An original and modern aspect of Desai’s style is the almost poet-like use she makes of different print forms on the page: she uses italics for foreign words as if to emphasize their exoticness and untranslatability and capitals for emphasis

Stigma Of Hiv And Aids - 918 Words

Introduction With the recent passing of World AIDS day on December 1st, 2015, which followed Charlie Sheen’s recent disclosure of him being HIV-positive, revealed sad realties about society’s relations to HIV and AIDS. So it seems opportune that this paper shed some light on the issue of stigma in relation to HIV and AIDS. This paper supports the notions that although stigma around HIV status has come a long way since its inception as an infectious disease in the 1980s, HIV stigma has not yet come to an end. As Sheen outlines â€Å"It’s a hard three letters to absorb† (aidslaws.ca) which is mainly due to the misunderstanding of the disease which takes the form of stigma. Essentially, this paper argues that although not as overt as in the 20th century, HIV stigma has drastic ramifications for individuals infected and largely the stigma tends to impact the individual affected in an undesirable manner. This paper will provide evidence that stigma towards persons infected with HIV tends to stem from the general society and in special cases from the criminal justice system. Stigma by the criminal justice system is mainly due to the criminalizing of the unsavory effect of HIV: the possible spreading of HIV virus to the public. Although this paper, focuses primarily on stigma in general, it is crucial to make clear the state’s roles in stigmatization of HIV. As this paper progress, it will address issues such as; how HIV stigma affects people’s decision to test for the virus and howShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma Of Hiv / Aids1921 Words   |  8 Pagesknown as AIDS were diagnosed in the early 1980s, people with HIV/AIDS have been stigmatized. Over time, there have been many misconceptions about this disease. Even though there have been many discoveries, and treatments for HIV have improved over time, there are still many people who understand very little about this disease. T his lack of understanding, along with fear, misinformation about how the disease is transmitted, and â€Å"moral† judgments made about the types of people who contract HIV, all haveRead MoreStigma of Hiv/Aids1812 Words   |  8 PagesStigma of HIV/AIDS It goes without saying that HIV and AIDS are as much about social phenomena as they are about biological and medical concerns. From the moment scientists identified HIV and AIDS, social responses of fear, denial, stigma, and discrimination have accompanied the epidemic. Discrimination has spread rapidly, fuelling anxiety and prejudice against the groups most commonly affected, as well as those living with HIV or AIDS. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of educationRead MoreHiv/Aids Stigma and Discrimination1338 Words   |  6 PagesCepeda Social Psychology HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination Strayer University November 19, 2011 Internationally, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, triggered at least in part by growing recognition that negative social responses to the epidemic remain pervasive even in seriously affected communities. Yet, rarely are existing notions of stigma and discrimination interrogated for their conceptual adequacy and their usefulness inRead MoreEssay on The Stigma Attached to HIV and AIDS1674 Words   |  7 PagesStigma and seroconversion are a few familiar words that come to mind when dealing with HIV/AIDS. These are a few processes that people go through when they are indentified as being HIV positive. This is when their life on whole comes into contrast. This is so because people often take things like sex for granted and it is because of this some can’t live a healthy lifestyle. Just imagine finding out that you are positive. How will society accept you? What about the stigmatization that one goes throughRead Mo reGender Stigma Behind The Hiv And Aids Epidemic Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthis day is the gay stigma behind the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Yes, it is fact that majority of gay men are HIV-infected but, it was said that to have AIDS was only a â€Å"gay thing† back in the 1980’s, which it is not. To this day, it influences many of our elders or parents that lived during the 1980’s that witnessed the huge outbreak. If we look at the show called Empire created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong in the episode called â€Å"The Creative Dilemma† we will find it to be a stigma referring back toRead MoreStigma And Discrimination Face By People Living With Hiv / Aids2558 Words   |  11 PagesStigma and discrimination face by people living with HIV/AIDS The concept of â€Å"stigma† was thoroughly researched and defined by Roura et al., (2009) as â€Å"a special kind of relationship between attribute and stereotype† when the attribute is â€Å"deeply discrediting†. Although, literature on stigma is approximately 40 years old, it is still widely referenced to introduce the term and discuss its implications. All cultures have shared beliefs and meanings which help them interpret experiences and behaviorRead MoreEssay on Impact of Stigma of HIV-AIDS in the South African Workplace1497 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy is â€Å"Impact of Stigma of HIV/AIDS in the South African workplace.† This falls under a discipline of business management in the financial management degree I am currently doing and one of the key areas of focus within business management is workplace challenges. I believe that HIV/AIDS stigmas are challenges regularly faced in the South African work environment. The purpose of this research review is to gain insight and deeper understanding of what workplace stigma towards HIV/AIDS is in the workplaceRead MoreWhy Stigma Is A Profound Effect On A Person Affected By Hiv / Aids2052 Words   |  9 Pages This essay will discuss why stigma has a profound effect on a person affected by HIV/AIDS. It will first look at the definitions of stigma and explain the process and types of stigma. It will explain how people with HIV/AIDS can be affected by stigma. It will then look at the key characteristics found in stigma and explain why people with HIV/AIDS are stigmatised. It will further look at how stigma may have affected a person with HIV/AIDS in the 1980’s compared to how it may affect a person postRead MoreDeveloping A Health Advocacy Campaign For Hiv Stigma Reduction899 Words   |  4 Pagesa health advocacy campaign for HIV stigma reduction. In our project, we illustrate the significant impact of the stigma towards the population infect ed with HIV/AIDS and suggest a potential advocacy campaign to reduce the stigma and incidence of this epidemic. Through this project, I learned what a lot of people don’t understand, is that anyone can be affected at anytime if they put themselves in a situation where they could be at risk. People identified as being HIV positive, go through a tremendousRead MoreThe Effects of HIV Related Stigma 790 Words   |  3 Pagesto control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The fact is that poor understanding of the related issues of stigma, discrimination and denial has hampered national and international programs. (3,4,5) HIV/AIDS is not merely a medical problem, but a social problem as well (1). Stigma and discrimination are as central to the global AIDS challenge as the disease itself. (2) HIV-related stigma and discrimination can be described as a devaluating process of PLWHA where discrimination is enacted stigma comprising unfair

How Teens Have A Sexual Education - 1081 Words

Most teenagers today are sexually educated but where they getting their information is the real question. Most teenagers had a sexual education class as their primary source of basic knowledge when they were younger or in elementary school. As kids get older, many learn about sex from their parents, siblings, friends and the media. My survey found most teenagers still went to their parents for some questions or problems but their friends are a very important source for information also. Social media or television also provides a lot of answers to many questions while allowing teens to stay anonymous. It seems that the severity of the issue or question determines where teenagers will find their answers. According to a Planned†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"But if you haven’t been talking to your kids about their daily all along, asking about sex isn’t going to elicit any information.† (Dr. Daddis, 2010, New York Times, para. 5). He goes on to say that teens aren’t purposely withholding information, but they are trying to figure out what is mom and dad’s business. This article also points to teens not being completely open with their parents unless there is a major problem. It is important to keep the communication lines open from a very early age. If teens become used to sharing information with their parents regularly, it won’t be so hard to talk about important sexual issues. If teens aren’t getting sex education from their parents, they turn to their friends or the media. Much of the information they get from their friends is incorrect or incomplete. Friends often get their information from other friends or the media. The last thing parents or teens want to is to get the wrong information. â€Å"Although the media is full of sex and sexuality, it is mostly depicted in the most sensational and superficial sense. Realistic portrayals of relationships and sexuality are rare. More often, issues around sex and sexuality appear either without any context or without any emotional or relationship component. Moreover, the risks of sexual activity are often hyped beyond the point teens will believe.†

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Answer: Introduction: Research is an exceptional part of biomedical science; without proper and extensive research activities, the progress of health care and biomedical sciences will be restricted. However, in order to continue extensive biomedical researches involving human beings, a considerable model organism is extremely necessary, and one of the most common model organisms that the biomedical science uses abundantly is Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila or the fruit fly is one of the most successful model organism used in the biological investigations due to its highly comparable genetic makeup. The neurobiological and physiological traits of this organism are considered to be very similar to most of the animal system (Apidianakis and Rahme 2011). On a more elaborative note, there are a few key reasons to why this model organism is the most abundantly used in the biological investigations; first and foremost the organism has a suitably short life cycle which is extremely helpful while conducting ge netic or physiological experiments. The mechanism of culturing and maintenance of cultures are also very easy when considering the model organism of concern. And lastly and most importantly, considering the genetic makeup of the organism, it has low number of chromosomes, a small genome size and presence of polytene chromosome which make research activities like genetic engineering, probing and protein expression studies extremely easy. However, despite all the advantages that the organism has in the medical research field there are some significant disadvantages that are associated with using Drosophila as a model organism (Bells 2010). This assignment will explore these limitations in acute detail and will also attempt to determine the attempts or initiatives taken to overcome the limitations. One if the greatest limitations of using Drosophila as a model organism are the fact that the organism has a considerably small genome size, with just 4 chromosomes sets it is quite difficult to incorporate extensive genetic studies with extensively large human genetic code. Along with that it also needs to be considered that the anatomy of the fruit flies are very dissimilar to that of human beings, hence when experimenting with a particular trait response or disease mechanism, it is very difficult to arrive at a definite verdict. Along with that, when considering the disease prevention or treatment pathway studies, the complete absence of any adaptive immune system in the fruit flies. Along with that, a very significant sector for biomedical research for the purpose of human health care and development is the drug testing and improvement studies (Daborn et al. 2012). However, when considering the Drosophila melanogaster, the model organism is not capable of interpreting or accurate ly predicting the effect of the drugs or therapeutic chemical agents on the human body, along with that due to the biology of the organism itself makes the drug delivery within the body of the organism very difficult which further complicates the process of drug testing. Now considering with using drosophila as the model organism in studies in the Australian context, the costs associated with the process is also a very important and influential factor, as the reproduction and maintenance costs have a deciding influence on the overall budget of the research being carried out. The cost of reproduction for Drosophila is significantly higher than that of other model organisms when used in biomedical research. Along with that it has to be mentioned in this context as well that, unlike other model organisms like C. elegans, it is impossible to freeze and store the drosophila gametes for extended period of time, hence it is absolutely required to keep the fly strains as living stocks (Glavis-Bloom, Muhammed and Mylonakis 2012). Now maintaining living stocks of fly strains require them to be regularly turned over for fresh food, which complicates the culture maintenance and costs associated with the process extremely high. Along with that it also must not es cape notice that for the purpose of controlled genetic cross studies to the female fruit flies need to be virgin, hence an extensive and accurate collection process after hours of culturing is also required which further complicates the culturing and culture maintenance procedure. However, the time consumed while carrying out Drosophila experiments are shorter when compared to other organisms due to the fact that the life cycle of the fly is extremely short and compact; although the culture maintenance and maintaining the virgin flies takes meticulous measures which can potentially increase the time required for conducting research on these flies (Hughes et al. 2012). The ethical implications involving genetically modified organisms or insects into the research also complicate the process further. Lastly when discussing the relevance of using Drosophila as the model organism in human disease development research, the extremely small genome size serves to be a significant challenge. Along with that, Drosophila lacks a functional autoimmune system, hence apart from neurodegenerative disorders; there is very little benefits of using Drosophila as the model organism when considering the heart diseases which can be considered one of the most common human diseases, the relevance of using flies to model human heart diseases dwindles even more. One contributing factor to that may be the vast difference between the cardiovascular systems of flies and humans, the cognitive disorders that restricts the correct manifestation of the diseased state being modelled accurately in the flies. And most importantly the fact that the fruit flies lack neurotransmitters and vital receptor sites that play pivotal roles in human disorder development in heart disease and other relatable disorders (Ponto n et al. 2011). On a concluding note, it can be stated that the Drosophila melanogaster is undoubtedly one of the most easy to use and accessible model organisms for biomedical research. However, it has to be understood that there are a myriad of limitations associated with the use of Drosophila in the research. However, there are a number of genetic modifications done on the organism to improve the culture maintenance and relevance of using the model organism. Technologies such as pre-designed molecular deletions, integrated gene mapping, targeted point mutations and transgenic technologies are improving the relevance of using Drosophila as model organism for research (Sabin, Hanna and Cherry 2010). Hence it can be hoped that with progressive research commencing on improving the relevance of Drosophila being will open up new possibilities for use of the model organism in biomedical research in years to come. References: Apidianakis, Y. and Rahme, L.G., 2011. Drosophila melanogaster as a model for human intestinal infection and pathology.Disease models mechanisms,4(1), pp.21-30. Bells, X., 2010. Beyond Drosophila: RNAi in vivo and functional genomics in insects.Annual review of entomology,55, pp.111-128. Daborn, P.J., Lumb, C., Harrop, T.W., Blasetti, A., Pasricha, S., Morin, S., Mitchell, S.N., Donnelly, M.J., Mller, P. and Batterham, P., 2012. Using Drosophila melanogaster to validate metabolism-based insecticide resistance from insect pests.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology,42(12), pp.918-924. Glavis-Bloom, J., Muhammed, M. and Mylonakis, E., 2012. Of model hosts and man: using Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Galleria mellonella as model hosts for infectious disease research. InRecent Advances on Model Hosts(pp. 11-17). Springer, New York, NY. Hughes, T.T., Allen, A.L., Bardin, J.E., Christian, M.N., Daimon, K., Dozier, K.D., Hansen, C.L., Holcomb, L.M. and Ahlander, J., 2012. Drosophila as a genetic model for studying pathogenic human viruses.Virology,423(1), pp.1-5. Ponton, F., Chapuis, M.P., Pernice, M., Sword, G.A. and Simpson, S.J., 2011. Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of insect physiology,57(6), pp.840-850. Sabin, L.R., Hanna, S.L. and Cherry, S., 2010. Innate antiviral immunity in Drosophila.Current opinion in immunology,22(1), pp.4-9. Yassin, A., Markow, T.A., Narechania, A., OGrady, P.M. and DeSalle, R., 2010. The genus Drosophila as a model for testing tree-and character-based methods of species identification using DNA barcoding.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,57(2), pp.509-517.

Effects of Aging free essay sample

The Effects of Aging Krista Halverson September 4, 2010 Human Lifespan Development Barbara Kennedy The transformation that takes place throughout ones life is inevitable. The growth and development of becoming an adult forces many body and mind changes. Physical appearance, mental capability and other issues all take place in our later adult years. All of these changes happen at different times for everyone. Nobody ages at the same rate. Aging is impossible to run away from but millions of people spend countless dollars to slow the aging process. The biggest notable changes occur between the ages of 50 and 60. Some physical changes can be postponed by frequent medical visits with a doctor. Most in the prime of their lives do everything one can to lead a healthy lifestyle. As we grow older, we have a tendency to stop being careful with what we eat. Our diets go by the wayside and in turn, our physical health suffers. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Aging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When an elderly person stops eating healthy, he or she begins to become malnourished. Several factors of malnourishment are the teeth become weak and may even begin to fall out. The mind is not as strong and virulent as the body is suffering huge vitamin deficiencies because of the lack of proper diet. Due to the teeth being less strong, an elderly may have to resort to soft foods that will encourage the malnutrition. A study conducted on eating and the elderly showed signs that the social factors involved with the elderly have a very large role in how much and what an aging adult eats. We have demonstrated that meals eaten with other people are 46% larger than meals eaten alone, and the more people present at the meal, the more will be eaten (de Castro, Exercise along with healthy eating also plays an important role in the aging process. The inactive older adult a large proportion of the population has an ncreased burden of chronic conditions associated with a sedentary lifestyle that continues to rise steadily. Although, the health status of older adults varies from individual to individual, a strong association between functional ability and regular physical activity exists (Sawyer, Castaneda-Sceppa, pg. 2). I sat down with my elderly grandparents, and asked them what they tho ught about the effects of aging. My grandmother has lived a very sedentary life always making up excuses to avoid exercise. My 85-year-old grandfather, on the other hand, walks an average of one mile every day. My grandmother has many health problems and I believe this is due to her sedentary lifestyle. My grandfather has had medical problems but all related to his farming background. Rotator cuffs needing to be replaced and heart bypass surgery because of his bad eating habits growing up. There have been no major health problems for him like with my grandmother. Many elderly are left alone and this also leads to depression and feelings of abandonment. As fade, long and short-term memory is also affected. When we are young, we remember everything from someones age to phone numbers, license plate numbers, and all sorts of other small etails. As our brain ages, it loses some of the ability to retain information. Blood flow decreases over time as our brain loses volume. According to the American Psychological Association, Episodic memory, which captures the what, where, and when of our daily lives, is to blame. Both episodic and longer term memory decline somewhat over time (http://www. apa. rg/pi/aging/memory-and-aging. pdf). Mortality is also often thought about as aging takes place. When young, most believe that invincibility is at the fingertips. As aging occurs, one can begin to evaluate life choices and ith the physical changes of aging, makes seeing death inevitable. People who have faith in God allows them not to be afraid of dying because they know they are going to a better place. Those without faith often wonder what happen s to them after they die. Judgment and eternity, and indeed the very existence of God, provide great solace to many (Smith pg. ). For those who do not believe in God, would have a tendency to think more scientifically about death. Science brings more of an absolute break down of the aging body and deteriorating into the Earth. experience How a person mourns the loss is very dependent upon the circumstances urrounding the death. Some deal with the loss much better if death has been known about for some time. It may make handling the death easier when one knows that the family member is no longer suffering from pain of cancer or other illness or injury. The family members believe that it gives them time for closure allows the ability to say goodbye. Some also find it harder to deal with death when it comes unexpectedly. Sudden heart attacks leave family members reeling because they could not tell the loved one how much he or she was cared for. We can see that even though there are hundreds of products that can slow aging nd prolong death, both will come eventually. My grandparents are not mournful of their lives. They enjoy how well they raised three children.

King Lear 2 Essays - King Lear, British Films,

King Lear 2 In a writing of Shakespeare's play "King Lear", the main character is King Lear who starts off as a respected and powerful king. As the story progresses the king loses his power because of his own stupidity and blindness. The tragedy of this play is shown through the daughters of the king, the fool, and finally when Lear's sanity is tested. At the beginning of the play, King Lear is powerful and harsh. He decides he doesn't want to be king anymore, and so he asks his daughters, Reagan, Goneril, and Cordelia to tell him how much they love him. He does this so he may give them a dowry to be married with. First, Goneril begins to tell her father how much she adores him and would never disrespect him, this is a lie. Next, is the daughter Reagan, she does the same as her sister and lies to the king saying that she loves him with all of her heart. Finally, Cordelia tells her father that she could not tell him how much she loves him, because she had no words. The king was very upset with Co rdelia and because of his madness towards Cordelia thinking that she did not love him as much as her other sisters, he divided the land in two and gave Reagan and Goneril each half. Cordelia on the other hand received nothing as her dowry and in turn no none would marry her except the King of France. Giving the land to the two daughters was the first of Lear's mistakes, for the daughters did not love him as much as Cordelia did, but they wished to have his riches. When Goneril and Reagan are in power they try to make Lear appear to be incompetent. They refer to him as "The Idle Old Man" in front of everyone and start to make even Lear think less of himself. Although the two sisters do this they also realize that Lear still holds a great deal of power in their areas, so they decided something must be done about it. The "loving" daughters command Lear to let go fifty of his one hundred servicemen, saying that they will not pay for it and that it is unnecessary. Lear then starts to wor ry that if Goneril isn't happy then she in turn will make him unhappy and he agrees to let them go. Next, the fool is introduced. Shakespeare does this to show the deterioration of Lear that has taken place since the beginning of the play. The Fool is his name, however, he is a wise man. He is a tutor to Lear and tries to slow him down so that he will not lose his mind. However, in the process the fool makes subtle hints to Lear that he has made some bad decisions. These hints do not help Lear, they just provoke more thinking about what he might have done to himself by giving away his kingdom. After Lear leaves Gonerils castle, the former king travels to his other daughter, Reagan's castle. When he arrives there he discovers that Reagan and her husband have left. Little does he know that they had found out form Goneril that he was coming and they didn't want for him to stay at their castle. He later travels to Gloucester castle and learns there that Reagan and Goneril are not fighti ng as they led him to believe. This makes Lear very upset, and Reagan orders him to be kicked out of the castle. Outside of the castle there is a very bad thunder storm, this makes Lear believe that the elements have joined forces with his daughters to try and defeat him. He begins to yell at the storm in a fit a of anger. From this scene it is quite apparent that Lear had nearly lost his mind. In conclusion, the reader is shown how Lear went from being a respected and powerful king to a regular man who seems to have lost all of his family. The two people that he trusted most were the same people, that in the end were the cause of his down fall. And the people he

Anti Gun Control Essay Topics - Where to Find Them

Anti Gun Control Essay Topics - Where to Find ThemThere are many anti-gun control essay topics that people can use to make their points. It is a good idea to be able to write an essay on a topic that you have some knowledge about. You want to be able to have a solid foundation for your writing and knowing the points that you will be making will help with that.In order to find the best anti gun control topics that you can use for your essays, you should go online and find some of the websites that deal with this topic. There are many sites that will provide you with the information you need in order to create a well-written essay. If you just start off your essay without any facts or information, you will not be able to do so.The first thing you will want to consider when you are choosing topics to use for your essay is how well you feel about it. If you are going to write an essay on this topic you may feel that you know more than you really do. You want to use an essay topic that yo u feel that you really know. If you do not like writing this type of essay you may not be able to create one.When looking for anti gun control essay topics you want to be sure that they do not deal with what you do not know. You want to be sure that they do not talk about topics that you do not know anything about. This is very important because it will give you ideas as to what you should not discuss. It will also help you think about your topics.Using topics that you know nothing about will also keep you from writing an essay that does not support your position. If you are trying to prove something to someone that is just not going to happen. You will not get anywhere if you do not make sure that you are not going to be biased in writing the essay. If you know someone that knows something about guns you can ask them about the different things that they have told you. This will give you a better idea as to what other options you have when you are trying to write an essay about this topic. The opinions that people have can be used to your advantage.There are many different ways that you can look for the right topics for your essay. You can try searching the web or ask around for some of the websites that deal with this topic. The fact that you can ask around makes it easier for you to get ideas because you do not have to worry about the time or the effort to research them.No matter which type of anti-gun control essay topics you choose to use, you will be able to write an essay that will support your views on the topic. Many people just do not have a great knowledge about this topic and they need to be able to understand why they are for or against it. By using anti gun control essay topics you will be able to get this information.

How to Make Gelatin Plastic Tutorial

How to Make Gelatin Plastic Tutorial Colorful gelatin shapes can be used to make jewelry, mobiles, decorations, and more! This project is not too difficult and takes about 2-3 days to complete. What You Need 3 envelopes plain gelatin 9 tablespoons or 75 ml water3-5 drops food color Plastic lid with a  rimSaucepanPaper towelsCookie cuttersDrinking strawScissors How to Make Gelatin Plastic Mix the water and food coloring in the saucepan over low heat.Stir in the 3 envelopes of unflavored gelatin to dissolve. Cook and stir for 30 seconds or until thickened.Pour the mixture into the plastic lid with a rim, push the air bubbles out with a spoon or other utensil, and let the gelatin cool on the counter for 45 minutes.Remove the gelatin disk from the lid. It should be flexible and pliable.Use the cookie cutters to make interesting shapes. Leftover scraps also make interesting pieces! Scissors may be used to make spirals or other designs. Use a plastic drinking straw to make holes for hanging pieces.Shapes may be dried flat on a cookie sheet or cooling rack. Spirals may be hung by clothespins. Shapes with holes may be strung on ​a  string to dry. The gelatin will be hard like plastic in 2-3 days.Be creative! Have fun! Useful Tips Adult supervision is required!To prevent curling, take a plastic container, place a paper towel or cloth over the top, and place the shapes on the cloth.Cut the center out of a lid that fits the bucket, put another towel over the gelatin shapes, then press the lid tightly onto the container to hold everything firmly in place.Allow the shapes to dry completely before removing them.An embroidery hoop and two pieces of cloth or paper towel may also be used to keep pieces from curling while drying.

Anzaldua Feminist Theory Assignment Example

Anzaldua Feminist Theory The paper "Anzaldua Feminist Theory" is a wonderful example of an assignment on gender and sexuality studies. Gloria Anzaldua is known as a scholar the cultural theory of Chicana queer theory and the feminist theory. The poetry marked a very significant feminist intervention in the studies that bring some different perspectives and experiences and is usually considered as vital in the feminism development in the third world. In the year 2002 Anzaldua co-edited with another anthology which was known as the bridge called home. In the writings made by her, she makes a combination of the autobiography and all the historical narratives between all the available languages (Haraway, 2018). Therefore, due to this her whole writings is seen as an act of transformation and questioning the genre's categories. After that, she later moves into breaking down the main subject of duality since it is usually a start of so many struggles that could at the end bring a lot of hopes by ending all the rape cases. She also argues that the lands of boarders are usually not presented physically but has more cultures at the end of each. This is where a lot of people of different origins or races are occupying the same space or area. She also goes ahead and develops some concepts that help in transforming all the binary constructions such as those of planta, borderlands and new tribalism (Mulinari, 2018). The major aim of this is bridging the gap that divides the boarders line and also binary thinking. She also goes ahead and elaborates the approach by giving a statement that all the categories usually gives an attempt to imprison, contain and also limit from growth. Due to this, the categories will be disrupted and other new ones will be created. The new ones created will be for very few years. The conc epts created poses a lot of effort in the transition and they are usually not fixed. Anzaldua views the writing act as that of being transformative and liberal. This is mainly through writing and thinking in some ways that show that knowledge systems that can be transformed at the end. The perspective of women oppression according to Hill Collins Hill Collins of the year 1997 usually argues that due to the intersecting position of race, class, and gender the black women as a whole usually possess some very unique characteristics of the world vision. When compared with the everyday experiences of all the black women, it is usually marked by an understanding of the intersectional of the oppression and the struggle of legacy against women oppression (Hirschmann, 2018). In this particular article, the quantitative analysis of the data that is from the national survey of all the black women is compared. There are some questions raised whether the black women as a whole group moves towards the standpoint that is described by Hill Collins. To what extent the Anzalduas theory is important to the women portrayal in the mainstream media and the women oppression in the present world. The theories of Anzaldua is the mentality in the borderlands' and they are usually taken from the real theory and later put into the actual action. This usually serves as a mirror that portrays the hybridity depiction and gives more emphasis on the significant stories of the true culture journey as a process of woman-centred (Espn, 2018). The actual book that is mostly dealt with is the Texas book of the Mexican border. In fact, most of the stories are usually inspired by growing or simply childhood in America. This is due to the fact that more standards are on the Mexican than American. However, in the areas where there are a lot of inhabitants are of Mexican origin. She also becomes punished for the heritage by the minority numerical. Afterwards, she later remembers how they used to be punished for simply being Mexican. This is oppression and can lead to a lot of defects. The main use of a borderland which is physical is usually very helpful and acts as a symbol for the psychological, emotional and the political forum of Mestiza. In fact, in many cases, the borderlands are usually present physically where two or more cultures are seen to be at the edge of the other. Therefore, it is very important to always note that the first preface of the very first edition of the borderlands will give an explanation of how and where the different people of different races usually occupies the same area or territory. Where in the cases of the lower and upper classes there is space of the individuals that usually shrinks with intimacy. The borderlands which are seen physically characterize the whole ceremony at large. The different parts of the whole narrative are usually set in separate locations from the perspective of the theatre. The reader is instilled some sense by Silko of the various differences between the different backgrounds of individuals in a polarized existence. This is the existence that refers to the different physical places terms that come as a representation of some categories and also the ethnic groups (Espn, 2018). For instance, most of the comrades are usually subjected to whiteness during the period of war and this reinforced to make a reference to some places. In most cases, it was usually the laughing and drinking with the platoon with the women who were born in Cleveland. Silko also uses some various physical borderlands that usually make an illustration of the conflicting nature of the polarity. The separated people in this category usually do not live in the areas of isolation but in most cases are usually forced to make some interactions in one way or the other that portrays the surface differences. Similarly to Anzaldua, she also uses the borderlands which are physical in symbolizing the whole scenario. This is where Tayo lives in the environment in the southwestern that is the same as the one portrayed by Anzaldua. The main battle is not only between the Indians and the white man but in most cases, the groups usually face some division amongst themselves as is illustrated by Silko. Also, in other cases, Tayo assisted as he had promised. This is seen after finding some wires sagging and also some trucks along the fences. This was seen as women oppression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it is clearly seen that the feminist US history has been evolving from a womanhood notion that is on the basis of the normative model of the middle-class people. Therefore, a lot of women usually experiences some kind of recognition that in most cases women are usually diverse and views themselves to be very different. It is also stated that the major problem of feminism is how the whole condition is usually confused to that one group condition of all women. When making some assumptions of the middle-class experiences all the white women were a representation of the lives of women and some false unity amongst the women presupposed. By taking into account the forms which are overlapping and multiple of the oppression of women especially on the basis of colour there must be a negotiation in the third world. This reveals the diversity and complexity of the lives of women. For instance, in the US, the women of colour usually pass through a lot of struggle on defining who t hey are to the white men. The same occurs in the third world women who in most cases find themselves fighting against the experiences omission and the assumptions of the first world. Away from the notion of women the feminist theory in the US usually engages differently by focusing on the specific positioning of women in relation to the other categories changing. By addressing the oppression of women complexity of the whole multitude most of the communities are usually on the basis of race, gender, and class. The links of the political nature chosen to make a mark between the whole scenario struggles. The political alliances are usually formed by the race or sex of a person. Although this is mainly on the context or basis of the usual struggles contexts against the structure exploitation. In the present world, the feminism mainstream is usually engaged by diversity recognition and the formation of the coalitions of the cross-cultural injustices.

CONCLUSION - A Short Summary in Terms of the Foundations of the Essay

CONCLUSION - A Short Summary in Terms of the Foundations of the Ordained Ministry Based on the Overview I Have Written - Essay Example In addition, he solemnly affirms that preaching Christ at any cost is the duty of the minister and the servant. When one reads the initial chapters of the epistle to Philippians we find the apostle rejoicing that Christ is being preached even though out of jealousy and competition. That the ministerial ordination does not stop with just Paul himself is evident in the passages where the Apostle asks Timothy to rekindle the Holy Spirit, which has been received through the laying of hands by the Apostle himself, in his epistle to the ardent disciple. (2 Tim: 1/6) This laying of hands is a charism through which God communicates. This charism is found ‘in’ them whom the hands were laid. So in the epistles, the laying of hands brings about the induction into the office of the ministry. We find a close link between the transmission of the right doctrine and the laying of hands. We find the first seven deacons being inducted by the twelve into the ministry by laying of hands. Thus we find the transmission of ordained ministry as well as its institution (Part 3). Now we come to the ultimate question of the aim of this ministry according to Paul, which has also been dealt with in his letters. Paul says that as an Apostle he has been selected by the Lord with the â€Å"ministry of the uncircumcised† as Peter had been entrusted with the â€Å"ministry of the circumcised†. Even at the council of the apostles, Paul argues that the message of Christ is universal, for the righteousness of the faith imparted by Christ (Gal: 2/1-10). He did not desist until John, Cephas and James extended him that â€Å"right hand of fellowship† (Part4). The minister is always doing the work of reconciliation. (2 Cor: 5/18). Therefore, every minister is called to this ministry. The â€Å"steward of the mysteries of Christ† (1 Cor: 4/1), Paul knows that he is invested with the authority of God (2 Cor: 13/10) to build up the Church. How faith is handed down and

A rose for emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

A rose for emily - Essay Example At the time Emily remains indoors, Tobe’s hair is used in place of Emily’s to tell time in the town. The reader knows about this symbolism following the change in timing of events every time hair is used. Pocket watch has also been used a symbol of time in the story. Board of Aldermen members visited Emily to deliberate on tax issues ten years before her death (Faulkner, 2007). During this visit, a pocket watch that was invisible ticked within Emily’s clothing. â€Å"Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain† (Faulkner, 2007).This represents that Emily was aware of time factor in her life, and that time acted as an invisible force that compelled her to become self-conscious about her life and the people around. At this time, time is ticking down towards happiness chances for Emily. The reader knows about this symbolism from the flashbacks presented in the story. Pocket watch is literally used to observe time, and each event in the story is time conscious. This is more so in relation to Emily’s

Magnificent Minds Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay -- essays researc

The high renaissance of the 1500's was a time of scientific, philosophic, and artistic awe and inspiration. Many new discoveries were being made in the field of science, and philosophers expressed their assumptions on the world and universe around them. In addition, many individuals were gifted with artistic dexterity and skill. The amazing achievements of Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci are considered significant to the Renaissance period. In this paper, the endeavors and achievements of these three Renaissance men will be examined and expressed. Born in 1475 in Italy, Michelangelo was raised in an era of artistic wonder. Not only an artist, but Michelangelo was also a poet, sculptor, and architect. Being gifted in these fields, Michelangelo wrote beautiful poetry and created magnificent sculptures, art, and architectural designs. By the time Michelangelo was sixteen, he produced two sculptures entitled Battle of the Centaurs and The Madonna of the Stairs, and in 1501, Michelangelo began working on his masterpiece "David." The marble statue of David astonished sculptors everywhere, and easily became Michelangelo's most famous sculpture. Michelangelo's painting talent was not so much applied in his canvas paintings, but rather in his gigantic frescoes. Some of his fresco works include The Last Judgment which is a large fresco behind the altar of the Sistine Chapel, and The Creation of Adam which decorates practically the entire ceiling of the Sistine C...

4-Day-School-Week: Less is not always more Essay

Problems occur when policy makers tend to make changes when they don’t need to be made. The public school system has many ways that it can improve but changing the time frame of the original school week from five to four days will not solve all the issues, instead, it will create newer unforeseen problems. It has been a controversial issue whether or not the school week should shorten by a day. Some are of the opinion that a four-day school week saves money for the individual schools, which would be beneficial to the school system as a whole. According to Schmidt, â€Å"The district expects to save between $85,000 and $100,000 in 2008-09 because of the modified schedule. The contract with its transportation provider assures the district of $65,000 in savings. That’s nearly $3,000 per day. Other savings will result by reducing electrical usage and having fewer days that furnaces are required to heat the buildings to a comfortable level. (Schmidt 4).† In the articl e, the claim is that applying these cuts will result in saving the school money, however that is not entirely true. The four-day week would actually financially hurt the school rather than save costs. The transition from a five-day a week schedule to a four-day a week schedule will be difficult and detrimental by the fact that existing students will need to adjust to the new schedule after attending five-day school weeks up until this point. See more:  Capital budgeting essay According to Schmidt, â€Å"Despite reducing the number of instructional days from 172 to 149, MACCRAY students have gained more than 17 hours of instructional time by adding 65 minutes to each instructional day. Because there are fewer days, there are fewer breaks for recess, lunch, and time between classes — making more time for academic pursuits. (Schmidt 3).† However, Schmidt’s claim is invalid because the transition could also backfire because the students will eventually fall behind with their district requirements. This would cause an accumulation of unanswered questions, which will then lead to incomplete homework, and eventually test  scores will drop noticeably. That would dramatically change the way in which students are assigned and complete homework, with the current homework spread across a 5-day-school-week homework become easier to manage. On the other hand, a 4 day-school-week will require denser combined homework because without Friday, for ex ample, the school work will divide individually between Monday through Thursday. Not only will homework pressure increase, but the length of each individual class lecture would need to increase to adequately cover the course material. With the additional burden of teachers getting laid off, a 4-day-school-week would make it harder for number of students who are having a difficult time keeping up with class material. Furthermore, a single absence will dramatically cause a student to fall behind in the course because one day of course material is a greater workload than previously and therefore more at stake. Students that fall behind will need to repeat courses, which will take away even more of the limited available space from the upcoming class students. Not only will the classrooms be overcrowded, but the teacher cannot manage to answer every question from each individual student. This pressure felt by many students and will cause delays in graduation and, even worse, an increased dropout rate. An improvement in education requires a shift in focus toward education rather than a focus on increased leisure time. The three day weekend will at first seem enticing to the students, the faculty, and potentially the taxpayer; however, the risk is not worth taking considering where America is at educationally, as a nation. In a recent article, written from Liepmann, â€Å"In 2010, American students rank 17th in the world. (Liepmann 3).† We have 16 Countries surpassing us educationally, even though the USA is one of the most developed countries in the world along with 39 other countries. This reveals that the United States are already below the education standards and not to mention some undeveloped countries have better educational systems. Suoja and Creger state, â€Å"A spreadsheet provided by the state shows elementary students getting about 50 fewer hours of instructional time. Secondary students would have received 25 to 45 fewer hours. Under the state numbers, the dist rict would need to add two weeks to the yearly schedule to make up the time. (Creger, Suoja 2).† The students simply cannot afford to  lose any additional school time due to an initial potential saving. The country would only get financially worse by raising under-educated civilians as the foundation of America. Many believe this cut will help rescue America from the economic crises by lowering taxes. However, upon further investigation, it would introduce too many risk factor and damage our economy further rather than aid it. Consequently, some students will not be able to graduate on time, and challenging courses will have higher drop rates or lower grades. This would harshly impact every American in the long term while only temporarily appearing to benefit in the short term. Ultimately, preserving the 5-day-week schedule is more beneficial than the alternative, while leaving things as they are may not address our current issues, I am confident that we as Americans can devise better educated solutions together, rather than create new problems to solve old problems. Works Cited Liepmann, Erica. â€Å"U.S. Falls In World Education Rankings, Rated ‘Average'† The Huffington Post. 07 Dec. 2010. TheHuffingtonPost.com. 10 July 2013 . Schmidt, Gregory. â€Å"USATODAY.com.† USATODAY.com. USA Today. 10 July 2013 . Creger, Mike, and Suoja, Matt. â€Å"State denies 4-day week again.† Lake County News-Chronicle [Two Harbors, MN] 15 July 2010. Opposing Viewpoints In Cont